Race, Ethnicity, Nativity and Housing Outcomes in Los Angeles

描述（由申请人提供）：项目概述住房对美国儿童，他们的家庭和社区的社会和经济福祉具有重要影响。例如，由于住房费用高昂而“负担沉重”的家庭更不可能节省资源来抵消意外的健康和其他紧急情况，计划退休或投资于教育。然而，住房情况，如成本负担，住房拥有率，自有住房的价值和公平性在美国因种族，民族和出生地而有很大差异。总的来说，与白色家庭相比，非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔家庭在这些结果方面处于不利地位;移民家庭与美国出生的家庭相比同样处于不利地位。目前的项目旨在更多地了解种族，民族和出生如何与房屋所有权和较少研究的住房结果联系在一起。第一个目标是估计种族和民族之间的直接联系，以及拉丁美洲人，非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国人住房的四个不同方面。此外，对拉丁美洲人的分析将考虑代际地位的作用（在另一个国家出生的移民和在美国出生的移民子女）。第二个目的是研究拉丁美洲移民和本地出生的拉丁美洲人，非西班牙裔白人和黑人之间的住房成本负担，房屋所有权，房屋价值和房屋净值的变化，使用较少研究或“新”变量，如拥有美国银行账户，法律的地位，以及对母国的依恋。该项目采用了作为洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查（L.A.FANS）的一部分收集和收集的有关个人、家庭和社区的详细数据。第一波洛杉矶FANS数据是在2000年至2002年1月期间从洛杉矶县65个人口普查区的大约3,000个家庭收集的。受访者数据与2000年人口普查中有关社区的定量信息相关联。利息的主要因变量是住房成本负担（家庭收入用于租金或抵押贷款的比例），家庭是否购买或租赁房屋，业主自住房屋的价值以及房屋净值（房屋价值与房屋抵押贷款本金之间的差额）。住房结果需要不同的统计技术：住房所有权的logit回归，成本负担的OLS回归，房屋价值和公平的Tobit回归。总的来说，该项目的结果将提供关于种族，民族和出生如何塑造美国经济流动机会的新见解。该项目是使用下一波洛杉矶的成本负担，保有权和住房财富的纵向研究的基础。FANS（2006- 2008年）。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的项目采用的数据从洛杉矶家庭和邻里调查（洛杉矶FANS），以检查不同种族和民族的住房成本，住房拥有率，住房价值和房屋净值的拉丁美洲人，非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国人。该研究还将研究来自墨西哥和中美洲的移民与在这四个住房结果中出生的美国移民之间的差异。更多地了解与收入分配到住房，房屋所有权和家庭财富创造相关的因素，对家庭是否能够负担得起医疗保险，居住在更安全，更高质量的住房中，以及因疾病而无法预料的紧急情况下生存具有影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary Housing has important consequences for the social and economic well-being of children, their families, and their communities in the United States. For example, families that are "cost-burdened" due to high shelter costs are less able to save resources to offset unanticipated health and other emergencies, plan for retirement, or invest in education. However, housing situations such as cost burden, homeownership rates, and the value and equity of owned homes vary dramatically by race, ethnicity, and nativity in the United States. In general, compared with White households, African American and Latino households are disadvantaged in these outcomes; immigrant households are similarly disadvantaged compared with U.S. born households. The current project aims to understand more about how race, ethnicity, and nativity are linked to homeownership and lesser-studied housing outcomes. The first aim is to estimate the direct connection between race and ethnicity and the four different facets of housing for Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. In addition, analyses of Latinos will consider the role of generational status (immigrant born in another country and the U.S. born children of immigrants). The second aim is to examine variations in housing cost burden, homeownership, home values and home equity between Latino immigrants and native- born Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and Blacks using lesser-studied or "new" variables such as having a U.S. bank account, legal status, and attachments to the home country. The project employs detailed data about individuals, households, and neighborhoods collected and assembled as part of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS). The first wave of L.A.FANS data was collected between 2000 and January 2002 from approximately 3,000 households in 65 census tracts in Los Angeles County. Respondent data are linked with quantitative information about neighborhoods from the 2000 census. The primary dependent variables of interest are housing cost burden (the proportion of household income spent on rent or mortgage), whether the household is buying or renting the home, value of owner-occupied home, and the equity on the home (the difference between the value of the home and the principal owed on the home mortgage(s)). The housing outcomes require different statistical techniques: logit regression for homeownership, OLS regression for cost burden, Tobit regression for home value and equity. Overall, the results of the project will provide new insights about how race, ethnicity, and nativity shape opportunities for economic mobility in the United States. This project is the foundation for longitudinal studies of cost burden, tenure, and housing wealth using the next wave of L.A. FANS (2006- 2008). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project employs data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS) to examine differences by race and ethnicity in housing costs, homeownership rates, housing values and home equity for Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. The study will also examine disparities between immigrants from Mexico and Central America and the U.S. born in these four housing outcomes. Understanding more about the factors linked with the allocation of income to housing, homeownership, and the creation of household wealth have implications for whether families are able to afford health insurance, reside in safer, higher-quality housing, and survive unanticipated emergencies due to illness.