Risk for Substance Use in Foster Adolescents: An fMRI Study of Inhibitory Control

描述（由申请人提供）：寄养儿童通常在早期经历了一系列不良经历。因此，许多研究发现寄养儿童是一个高危群体，这并不奇怪。在被寄养的青少年中，早发性吸毒的比率特别高。在拟议的研究中，数据将从参与一项正在进行的纵向随机疗效试验的儿童亚样本中收集，该试验是一项以家庭为基础的强化寄养干预计划。本研究的目的是在10-13岁的寄养儿童和未受虐待的儿童中研究抑制控制的神经基质，这是一个与早发性药物使用有关的认知过程，并调查干预对抑制控制和潜在大脑区域的长期影响。本研究将使用事件相关功能磁共振成像（MRI）来检查15名接受干预的前寄养儿童，15名接受正常服务的前寄养儿童和15名未受虐待的低收入儿童在去/不去任务中的行为表现和大脑激活模式。据推测，与正常处理的儿童相比，前寄养儿童的表现会更差，并且在任务中表现出更分散的大脑激活模式。然而，假设接受干预的前寄养儿童比接受常规服务的前寄养儿童表现出更好的表现，预期大脑区域的局部激活程度更高。还将研究早期不良经历的特定维度（例如，照顾者干扰的数量和虐待的严重程度）对行为表现和大脑激活模式的影响。本研究将为R01应用研究抑制控制的神经基质与青春期中期疗效试验中早发性药物使用之间的关系提供基础。拟议的研究旨在生成支持本研究的初步数据，并增强我们收集和分析神经影像学数据的能力。公共卫生相关性：寄养儿童早期吸毒和随后发展为吸毒问题的风险很大。拟议的研究将检查早期不良经历和基于家庭的干预对参与抑制控制的大脑区域的影响。这项研究产生的知识将使我们能够为寄养儿童和其他高危人群制定更精确和有针对性的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Foster children have typically been exposed to a host of early adverse experiences. It is not surprising, therefore, that numerous studies have found foster children to be a high-risk group. Rates of early-onset drug use are particularly high among foster adolescents. In the proposed study, data will be collected from a subsample of children participating in an ongoing longitudinal randomized efficacy trial of a family-based intervention program of enhanced foster care. The objectives of the proposed study are to examine the neural substrates of inhibitory control, a cognitive process that has been linked to early-onset drug use, in former foster children and non-maltreated children between the ages of 10-13 years and to investigate the long-term impact of the intervention on inhibitory control and the underlying brain regions. This study will employ event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine behavioral performance and patterns of brain activation during a go/no-go task in 15 former foster children who received the intervention, 15 former foster children who received services as usual, and 15 non-maltreated, low-income children. It is hypothesized that the former foster children will perform more poorly and will display more diffuse patterns of brain activation during the task than the normal-treated children. However, it is hypothesized that the former foster children who received the intervention are expected to demonstrate better performance and more localized activation in expected brain regions than the former foster children who received services as usual. The impact of specific dimensions of early adverse experiences (e.g., number of caregiver disruptions and severity of maltreatment) on behavioral performance and patterns of brain activation will also be examined. This study will provide the foundation for an R01 application examining the association between the neural substrates of inhibitory control and early-onset drug use in the full sample from the efficacy trial in mid-adolescence. The proposed study is designed to generate preliminary data supporting this research and enhance our capacity to collect an analyze neuroimaging data. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Foster children are at significant risk for early-onset drug use and subsequent development of drug abuse problems. The proposed study will examine the effects of early adverse experiences and a family-based intervention on the brain regions involved in inhibitory control. The knowledge generated by this study will allow us to develop more precise and targeted interventions for foster children and other at-risk populations.