Regulation of chromosome bi-orientation

染色体双向调控

• 批准号: G0601118/1
• 负责人: Jonathan Millar
• 金额: $ 166.45万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=G0601118%2F1
• 关键词: Regulation; chromosome; bi; orientation

The human body is composed of approximately 100 trillion cells, each of which contain the same genetic material (DNA) that specifies who and what we are. Our DNA is tightly packaged into 23 separate units called chromosomes. Every time a cell divides, each of these chromosomes needs to be duplicated once and then one of each of the pair of chromosomes needs to be segregated to each of the two daughter cells. Mistakes in this process can lead to cell death, alterations in cell identity or unrestrained cell proliferation. These can result in a variety of human ailments including miscarriages, birth defects and cancer. Importantly, the cells from most aggressive human tumours show a high variation in chromosome numbers, a phenomenon known as aneuploidy. The aim of our research is to understand the molecular mechanisms that ensure accurate segregation of chromosomes in normal cells in the hope that we can understand how these are subverted during human disease. Fortunately, many of the key molecular events that control cycle progression have been evolutionarily conserved from yeast to man. For this reason we study the process of chromosome segregation in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, since it is highly amenable to genetic, biochemical and immunocytochemical analysis and alternative tool to reduce the use of animals for experimentation. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms which control chromosome segregation will help us to design new diagnostics and therapies that will help us to prevent or cure these human ailments.

人体由大约 100 万亿个细胞组成，每个细胞都含有相同的遗传物质 (DNA)，这些遗传物质决定了我们是谁以及我们是什么。我们的 DNA 被紧密地包装成 23 个独立的单位，称为染色体。每次细胞分裂时，每条染色体都需要复制一次，然后每对染色体中的每一个都需要分离到两个子细胞中的每一个。此过程中的错误可能导致细胞死亡、细胞身份改变或不受限制的细胞增殖。这些可能导致多种人类疾病，包括流产、出生缺陷和癌症。重要的是，来自大多数侵袭性人类肿瘤的细胞在染色体数量上表现出高度变异，这种现象称为非整倍性。我们研究的目的是了解确保正常细胞中染色体准确分离的分子机制，希望我们能够了解这些机制在人类疾病期间如何被破坏。幸运的是，许多控制周期进程的关键分子事件在从酵母到人类的进化过程中都是保守的。因此，我们研究了裂殖酵母（裂殖酵母）中的染色体分离过程，因为它非常适合遗传、生化和免疫细胞化学分析以及替代工具，以减少实验动物的使用。了解控制染色体分离的基本机制将有助于我们设计新的诊断和疗法，从而帮助我们预防或治愈这些人类疾病。