Histories of Social Engagement and Cognitive Functioning

社会参与和认知功能的历史

• 批准号: 7915451
• 负责人: Teresa E SEEMAN
• 金额: $ 48.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7915451
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Area; Back; Biological; Biological Factors; Biological Markers; Biological Testing; Biology; Buffers; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Characteristics; Childhood; Cognition; Cognitive; Collection; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Collection; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus; Disadvantaged; Disease; Elderly; Emotional; Evaluation; Exhibits; Family; Frequencies; Friends; Friendships; Future; Health; Health behavior; Hour; Hypertension; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Inflammatory; Influentials; Investigation; Knowledge; Left; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Memory; Mental Depression; Metabolic; Parents; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Physical activity; Protocols documentation; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Series; Sex Characteristics; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Skin; Smoking; Social Interaction; Socioeconomic Status; Spouses; Step Tests; Sum; Sympathetic Nervous System; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; Volunteer Group; Woman; Work; aged; base; biological systems; cognitive function; cohort; comparative; design; executive function; follow-up; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; indexing; innovation; men; middle age; mortality; physical conditioning; processing speed; psychologic; public health research; response; sex; social; social group; social integration; socioeconomics; success; therapy design; volunteer

Research has suggested that greater social engagement ¿ a term used to refer broadly to both quantitative and qualitative aspects of social interaction ¿ is associated with significantly lower risks for cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. The question of whether and how social engagement may begin to affect adult cognition earlier in the life course remains unanswered, as do questions regarding which aspects of social engagement may be most influential, and whether these effects reflect cumulative histories of social engagement or only more current levels of engagement. Drawing on rich longitudinal data about social engagement (from childhood relationships with parents through current adult relationships) from the Mid-Life in the US (MIDUS) I and II studies, as well as innovative new MIDUS biological and cognitive data, this application proposes a series of analyses designed to significantly advance our understanding of how histories of social engagement may impact on adult cognitive functioning, expanding on prior research to answer the following questions: 1) Considering both quantitative/structural and qualitative aspects of social engagement, which features are most consequential to adult cognition?; 2) Are social engagement influences cumulative (i.e., does historical information extending potentially as far back as childhood relationships with parents help to account for observed differences in adult cognitive functioning)?; 3) Are histories of social engagement related to adult cognition in younger and middle-aged (as well as older) adults and, if so, are the relationships similar or different at younger versus older ages?; 4) Are there sex or socio-economic (SES) differences in the patterning of the relationship between social engagement and cognition?; 5) To what extent is the relationship explained by frequently hypothesized mediators such as health behaviors and/or health conditions?; and 6) to what extent do major biological regulatory systems appear to mediate the relationship between social engagement and adult cognition (i.e., how does social engagement ¿get under the skin¿)? Answers to these questions will serve to significantly extend our understanding of whether and how social engagement may influence cognition from younger through older adulthood, and how these relationships may be moderated by age, sex or SES. Only through greater understanding of the intricacies of these relationships can we hope to be successful in any future efforts to reduce risks of cognitive decline and/or impairment for those made more vulnerable as a result of less advantaged social histories.

研究表明，更大的社会参与度——这个术语广泛地指的是定量的 社交互动的质量方面与认知能力下降的风险显着降低相关 和老年人痴呆症。社会参与是否以及如何开始影响成年人的问题 生命历程早期的认知仍然没有得到解答，关于社会的哪些方面的问题也没有得到解答。 参与可能是最具影响力的，以及这些影响是否反映了社会的累积历史 参与度或仅当前水平的参与度。利用有关社交的丰富纵向数据 从中年开始的参与（从童年与父母的关系到目前的成人关系） 美国（MIDUS）I和II研究，以及创新的新MIDUS生物和认知数据，这 应用程序提出了一系列分析，旨在显着增进我们对历史如何进行的理解 社交参与可能会影响成人的认知功能，扩展先前的研究来回答 以下问题：1）考虑社会参与的定量/结构和定性方面， 哪些特征对成人认知最重要？ 2）社会参与影响是否累积 （即，历史信息可能追溯到童年时期与父母的关系是否有助于 解释观察到的成人认知功能差异）？； 3) 是否有社会参与的历史 与年轻人和中年（以及老年人）的成人认知有关，如果是的话，这些关系是 年轻时与老年时的相似或不同？ 4) 是否存在性别或社会经济 (SES) 差异？ 社会参与和认知之间关系的模式？ 5）关系到什么程度 通过经常假设的中介因素（例如健康行为和/或健康状况）来解释？和 6) 到 主要的生物调节系统在多大程度上调节了社会与社会之间的关系？ 参与度和成人认知（即，社交参与如何“深入人心”）？这些问题的答案 问题将有助于显着扩展我们对社会参与是否以及如何可能影响的理解。 影响从年轻到老年的认知，以及这些关系如何被调节 年龄、性别或社会经济地位。只有通过更深入地了解这些关系的复杂性，我们才能希望 在未来降低认知能力下降和/或损伤风险的努力中取得成功 由于社会历史地位较差而变得脆弱。