Bat rabies virus in its natural host

描述（由申请方提供）：在美洲，蝙蝠是狂犬病病毒（RV）的主要宿主，过去20年美国报告的大多数人狂犬病病例均由蝙蝠物种中传播的RV变体引起。与经典的人类狂犬病通过狂犬病陆生食肉动物传播不同，大多数人类狂犬病病例发生时没有通过公认的咬伤或抓伤暴露于病毒的证据。然而，蝙蝠的RV还没有得到很好的研究。根据我们的初步结果，我们对这项研究的总体假设是：有显着差异方面的病毒传播模式，病毒传播，和病毒脱落的蝙蝠感染的蝙蝠狂犬病变种导致大多数人类狂犬病病例在美国，另一个蝙蝠狂犬病变种，或狂犬病病毒变种导致狂犬病周期在陆地食肉动物。目的1：在蝙蝠动物模型中比较蝙蝠相关和经典RV株的致病性。目标2.在大棕蝠动物模型中研究蝙蝠源性SHBRV的传播、扩散方式和免疫原性。结果应该揭示蝙蝠菌落内病毒传播的可能途径以及蝙蝠中RV致病性的独特属性，因此支持蝙蝠代表RV的独特储库的概念，该储库在包括人类在内的其他哺乳动物的感染中起着重要作用。因此，这项研究应该有助于了解蝙蝠一般如何成为新出现的传染病的宿主。公共卫生相关性：狂犬病病毒是一种破坏性的神经系统疾病，影响动物和人类。蝙蝠可能是狂犬病的宿主，对人类健康具有重要意义

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the Americas, bats represent a major reservoir for rabies virus (RV) and most of the human rabies cases that were reported during the last twenty years in the US were caused by RV variants that circulate in bat species. Unlike the classical human rabies transmission by rabid terrestrial carnivores, most of theses human rabies cases occurred without evidence of exposure to the virus by way of recognized bites or scratches. However, RV in bats is not well studied. Based on our preliminary results, our overall hypothesis for this study is: There are significant differences in regard to mode of virus transmission, viral spread, and virus shedding in bats infected with either the bat rabies variant causing most human rabies cases in the US, another bat rabies variants, or a rabies virus variant causing rabies cycles in terrestrial carnivores. Aim 1: Compare the pathogenicity of bat-associated and classical RV strains in a bat animal model. Aim 2. Study the mode of transmission, spread and immunogenicity of bat-derived SHBRV in the big brown bat animal model. The results should reveal possible routes of virus transmission within bat colonies as well as unique attributes of RV pathogenicity in bats, and therefore support the concept that bats represent a unique reservoir of RV that plays a significant role in the infection of other mammals including humans. Therefore, this study should contribute to an understanding of how bats in general can serve as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Rabies virus is a devastating neuronal disease, which affects animal and humans. Bats might serve as a reservoir for rabies with important implications for human health