Tropical Biomes in Transition

转型中的热带生物群落

• 批准号: NE/D005590/1
• 负责人: Stephen Sitch
• 金额: $ 68.39万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD005590%2F1
• 关键词: Tropical; Biomes; Transition

Rainforest and savanna constitute the dominant two biomes of the tropical zone. They account for over 70% of the world's plant species. With massive areas and with high rates of latent and sensible heat exchange, rain forest and savanna also exert large, yet different, effects on the global climate. We have a limited understanding of their contemporary and future responses to global change. Tropical rainforests are a major terrestrial carbon store and are currently estimated to account for around half of the global terrestrial carbon sink. Although rainfall is a key determinant affecting their relative distributions, other factors such as soil conditions, fire and disturbances such as grazing and human influence are also involved. Our knowledge of these factors and how they interact in influencing vegetation type is still poor - all global vegetation models currently misspecify the distributions of these biomes. Such knowledge is fundamental for understanding and predicting transitions in tropical vegetation at local, regional and global scales. A drying of the Amazon Basin in coming decades could lead to the irreplaceable replacement of tropical forest with savanna, this then feeding back on the climate system as a consequence of changes in surface energy and mass balances - thereby accelerating global warming and tropical drying. Significant transitions centered around the gain or loss of savanna vegetation are not restricted to South America Improved predictions of the factors causing a transition from forest to savanna are fundamental to understanding this, and will depend on a significantly improved understanding of the environmental and edaphic determinants of the distribution of tropical vegetation at a global scale. Our main objective is to thus obtain a new knowledge of the underlying physiological basis of these determinants, to better understand the basis of differences in surface energy and CO2 exchange differences between forest and savanna, and to integrate this information for a much more accurate representation of these processes in global vegetation models than is currently possible. This will be achieved by a 'model-data development program involving field campaigns with local collaborators to examine climate/soil/disturbance associations in key 'hot spot' rainforest/savanna transition zones. Comprehensive measurements will be made including key plant physiological processes (photosynthesis water relations), vegetation stand structure and composition, and soil physical and chemical properties. New high resolution climatologies will also be developed and novel methodologies advanced to allow determination of tropical vegetation structure and fire frequency from space. These will be validated and tested and along with the field based data and then used to develop a new quantitative understanding of tropical biome distributions at a global scale. Derived relationships will be compared against more primitive ones currently used to describe tropical vegetation/climate relationships and consequences for predictions of past and future vegetation change evaluated Information from field observations will be used in conjunction with data assimilated from outside the project to develop new models of tropical vegetation distribution and function. Models derived will be as mechanistic as possible with predicted distributions and structure/flux of vegetation tested using larger scale distributional and structural data from remote sensing data Finally we will incorporate our new and improved understanding of tropical vegetation distribution and processes with new global climate model (GCM) runs to provide new insights into impending tropical vegetation change, associated climatic feedbacks and the future global climate. We anticipate this will lead to a fundamental improvement in our ability to predict the global climate of the 21st century.

热带雨林和热带稀树草原构成了热带地区两个主要的生物群落。它们占世界植物种类的70%以上。热带雨林和热带稀树草原面积大，潜热和感热交换率高，对全球气候也有很大但不同的影响。我们对它们当前和未来对全球变化的反应了解有限。热带雨林是陆地碳储存的主要场所，目前估计约占全球陆地碳汇的一半。虽然降雨量是影响其相对分布的一个关键决定因素，但也涉及其他因素，如土壤条件、火灾以及放牧和人类影响等干扰。我们对这些因素以及它们如何相互作用影响植被类型的知识仍然很贫乏-目前所有的全球植被模型都错误地指定了这些生物群落的分布。这些知识对于了解和预测热带植被在地方、区域和全球范围内的转变至关重要。未来几十年亚马逊盆地的干燥可能导致热带森林被热带稀树草原不可替代的取代，这将反馈到气候系统，作为地表能量和物质平衡变化的结果，从而加速全球变暖和热带干燥。围绕热带稀树草原植被的获得或丧失的重大转变并不局限于南美洲。对导致从森林向稀树草原转变的因素的预测是理解这一点的基础，并将取决于对全球范围内热带植被分布的环境和土壤决定因素的显著改善。我们的主要目标是，从而获得一个新的知识，这些决定因素的潜在生理基础，更好地了解森林和热带草原之间的地表能量和CO2交换差异的基础上的差异，并整合这些信息，这些过程中的全球植被模型比目前可能的更准确的表示。这将通过一个“模型数据开发计划”来实现，该计划涉及与当地合作者的实地活动，以研究关键“热点”雨林/稀树草原过渡区的气候/土壤/干扰协会。将进行全面的测量，包括关键的植物生理过程（光合作用-水分关系）、植被结构和组成以及土壤物理和化学性质。还将开发新的高分辨率气候学，并提出新的方法，以便从空间确定热带植被结构和火灾频率。这些将被验证和测试，并与基于实地的数据一起沿着，然后用于在全球范围内对热带生物群落分布进行新的定量理解。将推导出的关系与目前用于描述热带植被/气候关系的更原始的关系进行比较，并评估过去和未来植被变化预测的后果。实地观察的信息将与项目外吸收的数据结合使用，以开发热带植被分布和功能的新模型。所得到的模型将尽可能地机械化，并使用来自遥感数据的更大尺度的分布和结构数据测试植被的预测分布和结构/通量。最后，我们将把我们对热带植被分布和过程的新的和改进的理解与新的全球气候模式（GCM）结合起来，为即将到来的热带植被变化提供新的见解。相关的气候反馈和未来的全球气候。我们预计这将导致我们预测21世纪全球气候的能力得到根本性的提高。

项目成果

Biome-specific effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the photosynthetic characteristics of trees at a forest-savanna boundary in Cameroon.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3250-5
• 发表时间: 2015-07
• 期刊: OECOLOGIA
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Domingues, Tomas Ferreira;Ishida, F. Yoko;Feldpausch, Ted R.;Grace, John;Meir, Patrick;Saiz, Gustavo;Sene, Olivier;Schrodt, Franziska;Sonke, Bonaventure;Taedoumg, Herman;Veenendaal, Elmar M.;Lewis, Simon;Lloyd, Jon
• 通讯作者: Lloyd, Jon

The number of tree species on Earth

地球上树种的数量

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000533410
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto

The number of tree species on Earth.

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115329119
• 发表时间: 2022-02-08
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Cazzolla Gatti R;Reich PB;Gamarra JGP;Crowther T;Hui C;Morera A;Bastin JF;de-Miguel S;Nabuurs GJ;Svenning JC;Serra-Diaz JM;Merow C;Enquist B;Kamenetsky M;Lee J;Zhu J;Fang J;Jacobs DF;Pijanowski B;Banerjee A;Giaquinto RA;Alberti G;Almeyda Zambrano AM;Alvarez-Davila E;Araujo-Murakami A;Avitabile V;Aymard GA;Balazy R;Baraloto C;Barroso JG;Bastian ML;Birnbaum P;Bitariho R;Bogaert J;Bongers F;Bouriaud O;Brancalion PHS;Brearley FQ;Broadbent EN;Bussotti F;Castro da Silva W;César RG;Češljar G;Chama Moscoso V;Chen HYH;Cienciala E;Clark CJ;Coomes DA;Dayanandan S;Decuyper M;Dee LE;Del Aguila Pasquel J;Derroire G;Djuikouo MNK;Van Do T;Dolezal J;Đorđević IĐ;Engel J;Fayle TM;Feldpausch TR;Fridman JK;Harris DJ;Hemp A;Hengeveld G;Herault B;Herold M;Ibanez T;Jagodzinski AM;Jaroszewicz B;Jeffery KJ;Johannsen VK;Jucker T;Kangur A;Karminov VN;Kartawinata K;Kennard DK;Kepfer-Rojas S;Keppel G;Khan ML;Khare PK;Kileen TJ;Kim HS;Korjus H;Kumar A;Kumar A;Laarmann D;Labrière N;Lang M;Lewis SL;Lukina N;Maitner BS;Malhi Y;Marshall AR;Martynenko OV;Monteagudo Mendoza AL;Ontikov PV;Ortiz-Malavasi E;Pallqui Camacho NC;Paquette A;Park M;Parthasarathy N;Peri PL;Petronelli P;Pfautsch S;Phillips OL;Picard N;Piotto D;Poorter L;Poulsen JR;Pretzsch H;Ramírez-Angulo H;Restrepo Correa Z;Rodeghiero M;Rojas Gonzáles RDP;Rolim SG;Rovero F;Rutishauser E;Saikia P;Salas-Eljatib C;Schepaschenko D;Scherer-Lorenzen M;Šebeň V;Silveira M;Slik F;Sonké B;Souza AF;Stereńczak KJ;Svoboda M;Taedoumg H;Tchebakova N;Terborgh J;Tikhonova E;Torres-Lezama A;van der Plas F;Vásquez R;Viana H;Vibrans AC;Vilanova E;Vos VA;Wang HF;Westerlund B;White LJT;Wiser SK;Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T;Zemagho L;Zhu ZX;Zo-Bi IC;Liang J
• 通讯作者: Liang J

Contrasting photosynthetic characteristics of forest vs. savanna species (Far North Queensland, Australia)

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-11-7331-2014
• 发表时间: 2014-01-01
• 期刊: BIOGEOSCIENCES
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Bloomfield, K. J.;Domingues, T. F.;Lloyd, J.
• 通讯作者: Lloyd, J.