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Radiative perturbations due to dust-atmosphere interactions over north Africa and the Atlantic and their implications for global climate

北非和大西洋上空尘埃与大气相互作用引起的辐射扰动及其对全球气候的影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/D009197/1
负责人：
Helen Brindley
金额：
$ 59.85万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FD009197%2F1
关键词：
Radiative perturbations due dust atmosphere

项目摘要

The Sun is the fundamental energy source driving weather and climate. In the global mean, there is a balance between the shortwave solar radiative energy absorbed by the Earth system, and the longwave thermal radiative energy emitted by the Earth to space. Any process that changes this equilibrium has the potential to alter our weather and climate. One class of processes involve atmospheric aerosols, small liquid or solid particles, found in the atmosphere naturally (e.g. as wind blown dust), and also generated by a variety of human activities (e.g. from car exhausts). Aerosols are important because they can change the reflectivity of the Earth, altering the amount of shortwave energy available to the climate system, and can also absorb both shortwave and longwave radiation. Recently it has been shown that airborne dust can exert a large effect on the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere and the surface. Studies also suggest that the dust may alter the temperature structure of the atmosphere through heating of the dust layer. A change in dust loading, for example caused by a desert dust storm, can affect regional circulation patterns, with implications for the development of important weather phenomena such as hurricanes. On longer timescales, changes in land use occurring under climate change (e.g. desertification) could increase dust production and further perturb our climate. Dust amount and particle size vary greatly in space and time, making it difficult to quantify its overall effect on the energy balance. The aim of this project is to bring together new observations from a variety of sources to study just what the radiative effect of dust aerosol is in the real atmosphere. This study takes place in the Sahara, the most important dust source in the world. One of the new sources of observations is the Meteosat-8 satellite, located in geostationary orbit at a point over the equator, and the Greenwich meridian. On board are two novel instruments: Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget experiment (GERB), designed to measure the Earth's energy balance, and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), which can provide information about dust aerosols. Because the satellite is geostationary GERB and SEVIRI see Africa continuously and can monitor dust outbreaks in great detail. Other satellite observations add different information, such as the vertical distribution of aerosol, which is important for our understanding of the radiative effects. By merging information from all of these sensors a comprehensive picture of dust-atmosphere interactions over Africa and the Atlantic will be obtained. During 2006 a number of special campaigns will take place over north-west Africa and the Atlantic, aimed at characterizing the atmospheric state using ground-based and aircraft measurements. These observations will all be used to determine the amount, extent and variability of the dust, the associated atmospheric conditions and the total effect on the regional radiative balance. Finally, to help with the interpretation of the observations, colleagues at the UK Meteorological Office will provide simulations of the dust events, meteorological conditions and radiative fields. In the end, we hope to have developed a much more complete understanding of how these fascinating dust storms might be influencing our climate, and how this might be changing with time.

太阳是驱动天气和气候的基本能源。在全球平均值中，地球系统吸收的短波太阳辐射能与地球向空间发射的长波热辐射能之间存在平衡。任何改变这种平衡的过程都有可能改变我们的天气和气候。一类过程涉及大气气溶胶，即小的液体或固体颗粒，自然存在于大气中（如风吹尘），也由各种人类活动产生（如汽车尾气）。气溶胶很重要，因为它们可以改变地球的反射率，改变气候系统可用的短波能量，也可以吸收短波和长波辐射。最近的研究表明，空气中的尘埃可以对大气顶部和地表的能量平衡产生很大的影响。研究还表明，尘埃可能会通过加热尘埃层改变大气的温度结构。沙尘暴等造成的沙尘负荷变化可影响区域环流模式，对飓风等重要天气现象的发展产生影响。在较长的时间尺度上，气候变化（如荒漠化）引起的土地使用变化可能会增加粉尘的产生，并进一步扰乱我们的气候。粉尘的数量和颗粒大小在空间和时间上变化很大，因此很难量化其对能量平衡的总体影响。该项目的目的是汇集来自各种来源的新观测结果，以研究尘埃气溶胶在真实的大气中的辐射效应。这项研究发生在撒哈拉沙漠，世界上最重要的灰尘来源。新的观测源之一是位于地球静止轨道赤道和格林威治子午线上空某一点的Meteosat-8卫星。船上有两个新颖的仪器：地球静止地球辐射收支实验（GERB），旨在测量地球的能量平衡，以及旋转增强可见光和红外成像仪（SEVIRI），可以提供有关尘埃气溶胶的信息。由于这颗卫星是对地静止的，GERB和SEVIRI可以连续看到非洲，并可以非常详细地监测沙尘暴的爆发。其他卫星观测增加了不同的信息，如气溶胶的垂直分布，这对我们了解辐射效应很重要。通过合并所有这些传感器的信息，将获得非洲和大西洋上空灰尘-大气相互作用的全面情况。2006年期间，将在非洲西北部和大西洋开展一些特别活动，目的是利用地面和飞机测量来确定大气状况的特征。这些观测结果都将用于确定沙尘的数量、范围和变化、相关的大气条件以及对区域辐射平衡的总体影响。最后，为了帮助解释观测结果，英国气象局的同事将提供沙尘事件、气象条件和辐射场的模拟。最后，我们希望能够更全面地了解这些迷人的沙尘暴如何影响我们的气候，以及如何随着时间的推移而变化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Multi-sensor satellite remote sensing of dust aerosols over North Africa during GERBILS

沙鼠期间北非上空沙尘气溶胶的多传感器卫星遥感

DOI：
10.1002/qj.863
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Christopher S
通讯作者：
Christopher S

Validation of energy prediction method for a concentrator photovoltaic module in Toyohashi Japan

DOI：
10.1002/pip.2241
发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
影响因子：
0
作者：
N. Chan;T. Young;H. Brindley;N. Ekins‐Daukes;K. Araki;Y. Kemmoku;M. Yamaguchi
通讯作者：
N. Chan;T. Young;H. Brindley;N. Ekins‐Daukes;K. Araki;Y. Kemmoku;M. Yamaguchi

Impact of individual atmospheric parameters on CPV system power, energy yield and cost of energy