EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON EMPATHY

同理心的进化视角

• 批准号: 7958107
• 负责人: FRANS DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 4.39万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7958107
• 关键词: Aggressive behavior; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Caring; Companions; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Distress; Drowning; Emotional; Empathy; Funding; Grant; Haplorhini; Image; Individual; Institution; Joystick; Measures; Mediating; Monkeys; Outcome; Pan Genus; Pongidae; Primates; Rattus; Recording of previous events; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Source; Testing; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Upper arm; attack victim; computerized; contagion; fighting; injured; response; social; social group

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Chimpanzees console victims of attack. If another chimpanzee has been hurt in a fight, they will approach, and put an arm around them. They also show targeted help in which they provide others with assistance they need, such as saving them from drowning or supporting an injured companion. Several investigators have considered it unlikely that empathy arose in recent evolutionary history. Indeed, there is experimental evidence for emotional contagion in other animals, such as rats and monkeys. Studies on our closest relatives, the anthropoid apes, are particularly rich, suggesting more intelligent forms of empathy than in monkeys. The present study is entirely behavioral, with both an observational and experimental component. Observations of spontaneous behavior among chimpanzees in two social groups to measure social responses to hurt or distressed individuals, such as individuals who have lost a fight. More than fifteen years of computer records are being analyzed, which we expect to include about 5,000 aggressive incidents among the chimpanzees. The experimental component of the project seeks to test responses to social sequences on video, particularly the preferred outcome of sequences, which outcomes may range from escalation of aggression to reassurance provided by others to a victim of attack. This study involves six well-trained chimpanzees that have been used in the past in computerized (joystick mediated) tasks. They select images on a computer screen, and we measure what kind of emotional contents or outcomes they prefer. The overall objective is to see if they care about what happens to others or not.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 黑猩猩安慰遭受袭击的受害者。如果另一只黑猩猩在战斗中受伤，它们会靠近并用手臂搂住它们。他们还提供有针对性的帮助，为他人提供所需的帮助，例如救他们免于溺水或支持受伤的同伴。一些研究人员认为，在最近的进化史上不太可能出现同理心。事实上，有实验证据表明其他动物（例如老鼠和猴子）的情绪会传染。对我们的近亲类人猿的研究特别丰富，表明它们比猴子具有更聪明的同理心。 本研究完全是行为研究，包括观察和实验部分。观察两个社会群体中黑猩猩的自发行为，以衡量对受伤或痛苦个体（例如打架失败的个体）的社会反应。 超过 15 年的计算机记录正在被分析，我们预计其中包括大约 5,000 起黑猩猩之间的攻击事件。该项目的实验部分旨在测试对视频中社交序列的反应，特别是序列的首选结果，其结果可能包括从攻击升级到其他人向攻击受害者提供的保证。 这项研究涉及六只训练有素的黑猩猩，它们过去曾用于计算机化（操纵杆介导）任务。 他们在电脑屏幕上选择图像，我们测量他们喜欢什么样的情感内容或结果。总体目标是看看他们是否关心别人发生的事情。