A Carbon and transient tracer measurement programme in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean under Oceans 2025

海洋是一个储热器、交换器和输送器，在几天以上的时间尺度上，为了预测天气或气候，必须考虑到海洋的影响。在几年到几个世纪的时间里，它们也是我们目前释放到大气中的大部分碳的汇：热量和碳预算实际上密切相关。自工业革命以来，海洋吸收了近一半的累积化石燃料排放，如果没有海洋，大气中的含量将比今天高出约60 ppm。因此，海洋对碳的吸收大大减缓了人类引起的气候变化的速度。海洋2025提案的主题1包括一个旨在研究大规模海洋环流在气候中的作用的方案，重点是大西洋和南大洋的翻转环流。一个主要的目标，无论是作为一个科学产品本身，并作为垫脚石，以更好地了解潜在的过程，是估计新的财产预算和运输的热量，质量，淡水和碳。构成这一工作基础的新的观测是2008-2010年国家海洋和沿海区委员会及其合作者将在大西洋和南大洋进行的观测。该方案旨在包括碳和化学示踪剂测量，因为这些是提供碳清单所必不可少的。然而，NOC没有专门的测量专业知识，本提案将资助UEA进行测量。我们已经有证据表明，大西洋和南大洋的碳预算正在迅速变化。我们不知道这在多大程度上是对人类引起的气候变化的反应，也不知道有多少变化是自然发生的。这项研究将使必要的观测能够帮助我们记录这种变化，了解其原因，并预测我们排放到海洋中的二氧化碳的海洋下沉的未来。

The oceans act as a heat reservoir, exchanger and transporter, and on time scales longer than a few days it is necessary to include their influence in order to predict weather or climate. Over times of years to centuries, they are also a sink for much of the carbon we are currently releasing into the atmosphere: the heat and carbon budgets are in fact intimately related. The oceans have absorbed almost half the accumulated fossil fuel emissions since the industrial revolution, without which the atmospheric content would be about 60ppm higher than it is today. Ocean uptake of carbon has therefore slowed the pace of human-induced climate change substantially. Theme 1 of the Oceans 2025 proposal includes a programme aimed at studying the role of the large scale ocean circulation in climate, with a focus on the overturning circulation of the Atlantic and the Southern Oceans. A major aim, both in as a scientific product in itself and as a stepping-stone to better understanding of the underlying processes, is to estimate new property budgets and transports of heat, mass, freshwater, and carbon. The new observations which form the basis for this are ocean sections in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, to be undertaken in the years 2008-2010 by NOC and collaborators. This programme was designed to include carbon and chemical tracer measurements, since these are essential to deliver the carbon inventories. NOC does not have the expertise specialised measurements however, and this proposal is to fund UEA to make them. We already have evidence that the carbon budget of both the Atlantic and Southern Oceans is changing quite rapidly. We do not know to what extent this is a response to human-induced climate change and how much is variation that would occur naturally. The research proposed will enable essential observations to help us document this change, understand its causes, and predict the future of the oceanic sink for the CO2 that we are emitting into the oceans.