Dynamics and Temperature Structure of Hot Jupiter Atmospheres

热木星大气层的动力学和温度结构

• 批准号: PP/E001858/1
• 负责人: James Cho
• 金额: $ 40.3万
• 依托单位: Queen Mary University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=PP%2FE001858%2F1
• 关键词: Dynamics; Temperature; Structure; Hot; Jupiter

Since the first discoveries of planets orbiting nearby Sun-like stars, only a decade ago (Mayor and Queloz 1995; Marcy and Butler 1996), there has been a rapid succession of spectacular breakthroughs in extrasolar planet research. Early observations immediately revealed big surprises about the orbital properties of extrasolar planets, forcing us to question long-held ideas about how planets form and evolve: a large number of them were 'Hot Jupiters', so-called because they are massive and orbit very close to their parent stars. Soon after, the direct measurement of the size (Charbonneau et al. 2000; Henry et al 2000) and the detection of an actual atmosphere (Charbonneau et al. 2002) and an exosphere that may be boiling away (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003) on the Hot Jupiter, HD209458b, laid the groundwork for studying the physical properties of extrasolar planets -- beyond their orbital properties. This past year, heat emitted from two Hot Jupiters, HD209458b and TrES-1, have been directly detected using the Spitzer Space Telescope (Deming et al. 2005; Charbonneau et al. 2005). Heat emission measurements present an unprecedented opportunity to learn about the physical properties of extrasolar planets. The measurements can sample the atmospheres on the planets at different phases. However, they require sophisticated, multi-dimensional flow modelling to interpret properly. This is because atmospheric motions control the spatial, temporal, and spectral behaviour of the emissions. In this effort, it is proposed to carry out a detailed theoretical study of the hydrodynamic processes and thermal structures of Hot Jupiter atmospheres, vital for guiding observations. The study will make use of advanced numerical and analytical calculations that incorporate radiative transfer calculations to better constrain the strength of the winds, model the general circulation pattern, and ascertain the temperature distributions of Hot Jupiter atmospheres in different orbital configurations (semi-major axis, eccentricity, obliquity, etc.). The computed flow and temperature fields will be used by spectral and phase (eclipse) models of extrasolar giant planets. This work is also expected to advance the study of general circulation (e.g., bands and spots) and long-term evolution (e.g., cooling and tidal locking) of giant planets in general.

自从十年前首次发现绕类太阳恒星运行的行星以来（Mayor and Queloz 1995; Marcy and Butler 1996），太阳系外行星研究迅速取得了一系列惊人的突破。早期的观测立即揭示了太阳系外行星轨道特性的巨大惊喜，迫使我们质疑长期以来关于行星如何形成和演化的想法：其中大量行星是“热行星”，所谓的“热行星”是因为它们质量巨大，轨道非常接近其母星。不久之后，直接测量（Charbonneau等人，2000年;亨利等人2000年）和实际大气的检测（Charbonneau等人，2002年）和可能正在沸腾的散逸层（Vidal-Madjar等人，2003年）关于热木星，HD209458b，为研究太阳系外行星的物理特性奠定了基础--超越了它们的轨道特性。在过去的一年里，斯皮策太空望远镜直接探测到了两个热彗星HD 209458 b和TrES-1发出的热量（德明等人，2005年; Charbonneau等人，2005年）。热辐射测量为了解太阳系外行星的物理特性提供了前所未有的机会。测量可以在不同阶段对行星上的大气进行采样。然而，它们需要复杂的多维流动模型来正确解释。这是因为大气运动控制着排放的空间、时间和光谱行为。在这项工作中，建议对热木星大气的流体动力学过程和热结构进行详细的理论研究，这对指导观测至关重要。这项研究将利用先进的数值和分析计算，其中包括辐射转移计算，以更好地限制风的强度，模拟大气环流模式，并确定不同轨道配置（半长轴、偏心率、垂直度等）中热木星大气层的温度分布。计算的流场和温度场将用于太阳系外巨行星的光谱和相位（食）模型。这项工作也有望推进对大气环流的研究（例如，条带和斑点）和长期演化（例如，冷却和潮汐锁定）的巨行星一般。

项目成果

Intercomparison of general circulation models for hot extrasolar planets

热系外行星大气环流模型的相互比较

• DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.027
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Icarus
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Polichtchouk I

The vertical structure of Jupiter's equatorial zonal wind above the cloud deck, derived using mesoscale gravity waves

使用中尺度重力波导出的云层上方木星赤道纬向风的垂直结构

• DOI: 10.1029/2012gl054368
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Watkins C

Baroclinic instability on hot extrasolar planets Baroclinic instability on extrasolar planets

热太阳系外行星上的斜压不稳定性 太阳系外行星上的斜压不稳定性

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21312.x
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Polichtchouk I

EFFECTS OF INITIAL FLOW ON CLOSE-IN PLANET ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

初始气流对近地行星大气环流的影响

• DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/716/1/144
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Thrastarson H

RELAXATION TIME AND DISSIPATION INTERACTION IN HOT PLANET ATMOSPHERIC FLOW SIMULATIONS

热行星大气流动模拟中的弛豫时间和耗散相互作用

• DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/729/2/117
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Thrastarson H