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Phase-contrast enhanced X-ray imaging system for small joints of hand

手部小关节相衬增强X射线成像系统

基本信息

批准号：
7910210
负责人：
Thomas J Beck
金额：
$ 23.71万
依托单位：
QUANTUM MEDICAL METRICS, LLC
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-04-01 至 2011-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7910210
关键词：
3-Dimensional Affect Animals Ankle Anodes Bone Surface Cadaver Cartilage Clinical Clinical Research Collaborations Data Development Diagnosis Diagnostic radiologic examination Discrimination Disease Disease Progression Dose Early Diagnosis Family suidae Feasibility Studies Goals Hand Human Image Imaging Device Imaging Techniques Investigation Joints Knee Ligaments Limb structure Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mammography Measures Medical Methods Monitor Muscle Optics Pain Patient Monitoring Patients Phase Physicians Physics Population Positioning Attribute Preparation Radiation Radiology Specialty Regimen Research Resolution Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatology Roentgen Rays Sampling Shapes Skin Source Space Perception Staging Structure Swelling Synchrotrons Synovitis System Tail Techniques Tendon structure Testing Therapeutic Time Tissues Tube Ultrasonography Work Wrist absorption aggressive therapy ankle joint articular cartilage base bone clinical application cost density detector disability flexibility foot human subject imaging modality improved joint destruction nanofabrication prototype public health relevance research and development research study response rheumatologist simulation soft tissue treatment effect vibration

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease which affects nearly 1% of the US population. It initially attacks the small joints of the hand and foot. Recent RA research shows that early aggressive therapy is most effective, making early diagnosis essential. Currently the early subtle tissue effects of RA are best imaged with MRI and ultrasound. While having good contrast for joint soft tissues, these methods lack enough spatial resolution for small joints such as those of the hand. In recent years a new X-ray imaging method based on X- ray differential phase contrast (DPC) has been developed with high spatial resolution and excellent imaging of soft tissues that are nearly invisible on conventional x-rays. Recent experiments using synchrotron X-rays demonstrate that DPC can image with high resolution soft tissues such as cartilage and ligaments in the joints of the hand, knee and ankle. DPC has the potential to improve contrast and resolution at comparable or lower doses than used in conventional, absorption based X-ray imaging. The long term goal of our project is to develop a commercial DPC enhanced X-ray imaging system, which will enable clinical imaging of soft tissues in the small hand joints with better than 100 5m resolution and at low doses. Such systems will help rheumatologists to more accurately identify patients that are appropriate for aggressive therapeutic regimens and to more sensitively monitor patients over the course of their disease. The system will be based on the Talbot interferometer method, which can work with medical X-ray tubes and which uses ultra-fine gratings to angularly filter the transmitted X-rays. A preliminary study shows that such a system could be built using an interferometer of 25-35 keV mean energy, together with a W anode mammography type X-ray tube and a small pixel CCD detector. The incident spectrum is matched to the spectral response of the interferometer using K-edge filters (Z =47-56). This also reduces the skin dose to a few tens of 5Gy, at typical exposures time of a fraction of a second. The few-5m-period gratings needed for such a system can be produced by nanofabrication methods and have become recently commercially available. In Phase-I of the project we will investigate the feasibility and merit of the interferometer method for DPC imaging of the small hand joints. The first aim will be to build and calibrate a 'bench-top' test DPC system, which will enable flexible adjustment of the interferometer parameters. The second aim will be to use this system to demonstrate and optimize the DPC imaging of joint soft tissue on animal and cadaver samples. In Phase-II we plan developing a prototype system for clinical research of RA diagnosis using DPC enhanced X-ray imaging and tomosynthesis. The system will be implemented and tested at the JHU Division of Rheumatology in collaboration with JHU physicians. In addition, there are efforts at the JHU Department of Physics and elsewhere to develop phase-contrast optics for higher X-ray energy. This will allow development at later stages of DPC systems suitable for imaging of large joints such as the knee. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) affects more than 1% of the worldwide population. Characterized by joint swelling, stiffness, and pain, the condition leads to progressive joint destruction and disability and can involve most of the joints in the body. The small joints of the hands, wrists, and feet are commonly affected early in disease progression. This proposed phased-contrast X-ray system for the hands should provide imaging of soft tissue damage that is nearly invisible on conventional x-rays. The system should provide better identification of patients with RA and more sensitive monitoring of disease progression and the effects of treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种使人衰弱的疾病，影响了近1%的美国人口。它最初攻击手和脚的小关节。最近的RA研究表明，早期积极治疗是最有效的，因此早期诊断至关重要。目前，MRI和超声是RA早期细微组织效应的最佳成像方法。虽然这些方法对关节软组织具有良好的对比度，但对于手部等小关节缺乏足够的空间分辨率。近年来发展了一种基于X射线差相衬（DPC）的新型X射线成像方法，它具有高空间分辨率和对传统X射线几乎不可见的软组织的良好成像效果。最近使用同步加速器x射线的实验表明，DPC可以对手、膝盖和脚踝关节的软骨和韧带等软组织进行高分辨率成像。与传统的基于吸收的x射线成像相比，在相当或更低的剂量下，DPC具有提高对比度和分辨率的潜力。我们项目的长期目标是开发一套商用DPC增强x射线成像系统，使临床对手部小关节软组织进行低剂量、分辨率优于100 5m的成像。这种系统将帮助风湿病学家更准确地识别适合积极治疗方案的患者，并更敏感地监测患者的病程。该系统将基于塔尔博特干涉仪方法，该方法可以与医用x射线管一起工作，并使用超细光栅从角度过滤透射的x射线。初步研究表明，利用平均能量为25-35 keV的干涉仪、W阳极乳腺x射线管和小像素CCD探测器可以构建这样的系统。使用k边滤波器（Z =47 ~ 56）将入射光谱与干涉仪的光谱响应匹配。在典型的几分之一秒的暴露时间内，这也将皮肤剂量减少到几十gy。这种系统所需的5米周期光栅可以通过纳米制造方法生产，并且最近已经商业化。在项目的第一阶段，我们将研究干涉仪方法用于手小关节DPC成像的可行性和优点。第一个目标是建立和校准一个“台式”测试DPC系统，这将使干涉仪参数的灵活调整成为可能。第二个目标将是使用该系统来演示和优化动物和尸体样本上关节软组织的DPC成像。在第二阶段，我们计划开发一个原型系统，用于使用DPC增强x射线成像和断层合成进行RA诊断的临床研究。该系统将在JHU风湿病科与JHU医生合作实施和测试。此外，JHU物理系和其他地方正在努力开发用于更高x射线能量的相衬光学。这将允许在DPC系统的后期阶段发展，适用于大关节的成像，如膝盖。