Variable Dose Rate X-ray Irradiator

可变剂量率 X 射线照射器

• 批准号: 7795313
• 负责人: HOWARD B. LIEBERMAN
• 金额: $ 17.92万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-02-18 至 2011-02-17
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7795313
• 关键词: Academic Medical Centers; Address; Animal Model; Area; Arthritis; Atherosclerosis; Biochemical; Biological; Biological Models; Breast; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cataract; Cells; Core Facility; DNA Repair; Development; Dose; Dose-Rate; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Equipment; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Investigation; Ionizing radiation; Laboratory Study; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Mammalian Cell; Molecular; Mus; Natural regeneration; Neurologic; Organism; Ovary; Play; Prostate; Radiation; Radiation Induced DNA Damage; Radiation-Induced Change; Request for Proposals; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Rodent; Roentgen Rays; Role; System; Tissue Model; Tissues; Universities; Yeasts; base; carcinogenesis; falls; irradiation; neurogenesis; repaired; response; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ionizing radiation plays a significant role in the treatment of human cancers, while exposure to relatively low doses can lead to the induction of cancer, to teratogenesis and mutagenic consequences. Laboratory studies at Columbia University have explored the cellular, biochemical, and molecular bases for radiation induced change in the hope of elucidating the type of damage incurred and the responses in effect at the level of the organism, the tissue, the cell, and at the subcellular level. Furthermore, ionizing radiation has become a common tool to facilitate our NIH-funded investigations even when defining the biological response to radiation, per se, is not the primary goal of the study. In this proposal, we request consideration for the funds needed to purchase a X-RAD 320 Biological Irradiator, a variable dose rate x-ray emitter. Investigators will make use of the x-ray machine to study everything from radiation-induced DNA damage repair at the molecular level to atherosclerosis, carcinogenesis, cataractogenesis, and neurological development. The range of dose rates available and the precision with which delivery can be made are ideal to enable studies to be undertaken on a wide array of model systems such as radioresistant yeast, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as mammalian cells in culture, or small rodents. Drs. Rothstein and Symington would study mechanisms of DNA repair and replication in yeast. Dr. Johnston would use Drosophila as a model of tissue damage repair through mechanisms involving proliferation and regeneration. Caenorhabditis elegans will be used by Dr. Hobert to study neurogenesis, while Dr. Hen will employ mice to study hippocampal development. Dr. Firestein will use the same model organism to investigate the olfactory system. Dr. Diacovo will study arthritis in mice, and Dr. Tabas will investigate atherosclerosis in these small rodents. Drs. Baer, Bruce, Hei and Lieberman have research groups that will use human and mouse cells and/or whole mice to examine the molecular response to radiation at a rudimentary molecular level, as well as specifically in relation to cancer of the brain, breast, ovary and/or prostate, and cataract formation. The X-RAD 320 will therefore be widely used by investigators from Columbia University addressing a large array of important biomedical areas of research that make use of x-irradiation. The equipment would fold into and be maintained by the current, well-established infrastructure of the Radiation Research Core Facility of the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, which is located within and falls under the auspices of the Center for Radiological Research at the Columbia University Medical Center.

描述（由申请人提供）：电离辐射在人类癌症的治疗中发挥着重要作用，而暴露于相对较低的剂量可导致癌症的诱发、致畸和致突变后果。哥伦比亚大学的实验室研究探索了辐射引起的变化的细胞、生化和分子基础，希望阐明所发生的损伤类型以及在生物体、组织、细胞和亚细胞水平上的有效反应。此外，电离辐射已成为促进美国国立卫生研究院资助的研究的常用工具，即使定义对辐射的生物反应本身并不是该研究的主要目标。在此提案中，我们请求考虑购买 X-RAD 320 生物辐照器（一种可变剂量率 X 射线发射器）所需的资金。研究人员将利用 X 射线机来研究从分子水平上辐射引起的 DNA 损伤修复到动脉粥样硬化、癌变、白内障发生和神经发育等各个方面。可用的剂量率范围和输送精度非常适合对各种模型系统进行研究，例如抗辐射酵母、果蝇和秀丽隐杆线虫，以及培养的哺乳动物细胞或小型啮齿动物。博士。 Rothstein 和 Symington 将研究酵母中 DNA 修复和复制的机制。约翰斯顿博士将果蝇用作通过增殖和再生机制修复组织损伤的模型。霍伯特博士将使用秀丽隐杆线虫来研究神经发生，而亨博士将使用小鼠来研究海马发育。菲尔斯坦博士将使用相同的模型生物来研究嗅觉系统。迪亚科沃博士将研究小鼠的关节炎，塔巴斯博士将研究这些小型啮齿动物的动脉粥样硬化。博士。 Baer、Bruce、Hei 和 Lieberman 的研究小组将使用人类和小鼠细胞和/或整个小鼠在基本分子水平上检查对辐射的分子反应，特别是与脑癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和/或前列腺癌以及白内障形成相关的分子反应。因此，X-RAD 320 将被哥伦比亚大学的研究人员广泛使用，用于利用 X 射线进行大量重要的生物医学研究领域。这些设备将纳入赫伯特·欧文综合癌症中心辐射研究核心设施当前完善的基础设施并由其维护，该设施位于哥伦比亚大学医学中心放射研究中心内并由其赞助。