Effectiveness of Yoga on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Patients with Pre- and Stag

描述（由申请人提供）：高血压影响着美国5000万人，是中风、心肌梗死、心力衰竭和肾脏疾病的重要危险因素。多项研究的普遍证据表明，瑜伽项目可能对降低血压有效。然而，这些研究大多是非随机的和/或不受控制的，检查的是健康的而不是高血压的参与者，许多研究使用多模式的“基于瑜伽”的干预措施，其中不可能确定瑜伽的孤立影响。这些研究的另一个实质性问题是，对什么是被称为“瑜伽”的干预措施缺乏共识。因此，仍然有必要明确定义一种瑜伽干预，代表常见的瑜伽练习，并确定这种干预对血压控制的影响。在西方文化中，有一种合理的共识是，最常见的瑜伽练习是由三个综合要素定义的：身体姿势、呼吸控制和冥想。瑜伽的拥护者认为，这些元素的整合产生的健康效果比通过简单添加这些元素的独立效果所预期的要好。然而，这一建议尚未得到研究。有证据表明，呼吸控制和冥想的瑜伽元素在临床上对血压有显著的独立影响，而没有证据表明瑜伽的身体姿势（体式）对血压有独立影响。本申请的目的是定义综合瑜伽练习的标准化元素，并确定综合练习与单一练习元素（身体姿势）相比对动态血压（ABP）的影响。核心假设是，瑜伽元素（身体姿势/呼吸控制/冥想）的整合将比单一的练习元素（身体姿势）产生更大的ABP减少。我们计划通过对90名前期和一期高血压患者进行为期12周的随机对照试验来验证我们的论文。我们还将检查与自主神经系统相关的各种次要社会心理和生理指标：心率、心率变异性、压力感受器敏感性、感知压力、应对、对不确定性的耐受性、控制感和体重指数，我们预计这些指标与ABP的改善有关。该研究还将确定与干预措施相关的招募、保留、依从性、期望、接受度和感知有效性。本研究中获得的信息将通过提供关键的初步和可行性数据来支持更大的多种族随机对照试验，研究瑜伽对I期高血压患者的影响，从而产生积极的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Hypertension affects 50 million people in the US and is a significant risk factor for stroke, cardiac infarction, heart failure, and kidney disease. There is general evidence across multiple studies that yoga programs may be effective in the reduction of blood pressure. However, most of these studies are non-randomized and/or uncontrolled, examine healthy rather than hypertensive participants, and many use multi-modal "yoga-based" interventions in which it is impossible to determine the isolated effects of yoga. An additional substantive problem across these studies is the lack of agreement regarding what constitutes the intervention labeled "yoga." Consequently, there remains a need to clearly define a yoga intervention that represents common yoga practice and to determine the effects of such an intervention on blood pressure control. In western cultures, there is reasonable agreement that the most common yoga practice is defined by three integrated elements: physical postures, breath control, and meditation. Yoga adherents suggest that the integration of these elements produces greater health outcomes than would be expected through the simple addition of the independent effects of these elements. However, this suggestion has received no study. There is evidence that the yoga elements of breath control and meditation have clinically significant independent effects on blood pressure, while there is no evidence demonstrating that the physical postures (asana) of yoga have independent effects on blood pressure. The objectives of this application are to define standardized elements of an integrated yoga practice and determine the effects of the integrated practice compared to a single element of the practice (physical postures) on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). The central hypothesis is that the integration of the elements of yoga (physical postures/breath control/meditation) will produce greater reductions in ABP than are produced through a single element of that practice (physical postures). We plan to test our thesis by performing a 12 week, RCT of 90 pre- and Stage I hypertensive participants. We will also examine a variety of secondary psychosocial and physiological measures related to the autonomic system: heart rate, heart rate variability, baroreceptor sensitivity, perceived stress, coping, tolerance of uncertainty, sense of control, and body mass index, which we expect to be correlated to improvements in ABP. The study will also determine the recruitment, retention, compliance, expectations, acceptance, and perceived effectiveness relative to the interventions. The information gained in this study will have a positive impact by providing critical preliminary and feasibility data to support a larger multi-ethnic RCT on the effects of yoga on individuals with Stage I hypertension. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed study will compare a well defined and integrated yoga practice (postures/breath control/meditation) to a single element of that practice (yoga postures (asana)) in reducing hypertension. The expected outcomes include data on the effects of yoga on ambulatory blood pressure, psychosocial stress, and the autonomic system in individuals with pre- and Stage I hypertension. The information gained in this study will have a positive impact by providing critical preliminary and feasibility data to support a larger multi-ethnic randomized clinical trial on the effects of yoga on individuals with hypertension.