The VISTA Deep Extragalatic Observations (VIDEO) Survey

VISTA 深河外观测 (VIDEO) 调查

• 批准号: ST/F002556/1
• 负责人: Matthew Jarvis
• 金额: $ 2.48万
• 依托单位: University of Hertfordshire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FF002556%2F1
• 关键词: VISTA; Deep; Extragalatic; Observations; VIDEO

Astronomy research has come a long way in the past decade. We now know the principal consituents of the Universe in the form of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and normal matter, the material we are able to observe directly. With these parameters now in place we are able to investigate the physical processes which occur in the Universe. One of the most fundamental questions is how the galaxies and the stars and black holes which reside in them are built up over the history of the Universe. To do this we are required to look both far and wide; far because we need to look back in time to when the first galaxies were forming and the finite speed of light means that we do this by looking further and further away, even up to a time when the Universe was less that 1 billion years old (the Universe is currently about 13billion years old); and wide because the way in which galaxies form and evolve can be heavily influenced by the environment in which they reside. For example, one might imagine that the most massive galaxies in the Universe would be surrounded by the most massive cluster of galaxies as all galaxies are attracted to each other via gravity, so massive galaxy may attract more galaxies than a lower mass galaxy. Therefore, we need to look over large areas of the sky in order to get a full picture of galaxy formation and evolution. Obviously, if one goes deep then there is more volume surveyed in the radial direction. Thus, most extragalactic astronomical surveys now have a wedding-cake structure, with the deepest narrowest survey analagous to the top-tier of the wedding cake, and the widest shallowest surveys analagous to the lowest tier. All of these surveys fit together as they probe different but representative volumes of the Universe. The VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) survey is a ~200 night survey which will be carried out on the VISTA near-infrared telescope in Paranal, Chile, over the next five years. It is the second deepest survey to be carried out with VISTA, and thus the second highest tier in the wedding cake. The science questions that it will address are wide-ranging but all are concerned with how galaxies form and evolve over the history of the Universe and how this may depend on their environment. It is deep enough to detect the most massive galaxies at a time when they were first beginning to form and wide enough to probe the whole range of environmental density over ~90% of the age of the Universe. Furthermore, the survey will be carried out at infrared wavelengths, where the old stars which dominate massive galaxies emit the bulk of their radiation. This allows us to estimate the mass of the galaxies much better than if we were to work at optical wavelengths where any star-formation activity can boost the emission in the bluer optical bands, leading to a very uncertain estimate of the galaxy mass. We also know that much of the star-formation activity and the light emitted from material acccreting onto a supermassive black hole is obscured by dust. This dust extinguishes the blue light of a galaxy, thus observing in the infrared again gives a much clearer picture of the galaxy. On the completion of the VIDEO survey we will have a much clearer idea of the physical processes governing galaxy formation and evolution over the history of the Universe.

天文学研究在过去十年中取得了长足的进步。我们现在知道宇宙的主要成分以暗物质、暗能量和正常物质的形式存在，这些物质是我们能够直接观察到的。有了这些参数，我们就能够研究宇宙中发生的物理过程。最基本的问题之一是星系以及其中的恒星和黑洞是如何在宇宙历史中形成的。要做到这一点，我们需要放眼长远。远是因为我们需要回顾第一个星系形成的时间，而有限的光速意味着我们要通过观察越来越远的距离来做到这一点，甚至是宇宙年龄不到 10 亿年的时候（宇宙目前的年龄约为 130 亿年）；之所以广泛，是因为星系的形成和演化方式很大程度上受到它们所处环境的影响。例如，人们可能会想象宇宙中最大质量的星系将被最大质量的星系团包围，因为所有星系都通过引力相互吸引，因此大质量星系可能会比质量较小的星系吸引更多的星系。因此，我们需要观察大片天空，才能全面了解星系的形成和演化。显然，如果深入，则径向方向上测量的体积会更大。因此，大多数河外天文勘测现在都具有婚礼蛋糕结构，最深最窄的勘测类似于婚礼蛋糕的顶层，而最宽最浅的勘测类似于最低层。所有这些调查都结合在一起，因为它们探测了宇宙中不同但具有代表性的体积。 VISTA 深河外观测 (VIDEO) 调查是一项约 200 晚的调查，将在未来五年内在智利帕拉纳尔的 VISTA 近红外望远镜上进行。这是使用 VISTA 进行的第二深入的调查，因此也是婚礼蛋糕中第二高的调查。它将解决的科学问题范围广泛，但都涉及星系在宇宙历史中如何形成和演化，以及这如何取决于它们的环境。它的深度足以探测到质量最大的星系，当它们刚开始形成时，它的宽度足以探测宇宙年龄约 90% 的整个环境密度范围。此外，这项调查将在红外波长下进行，其中主宰大质量星系的老恒星会发出大部分辐射。这使我们能够比在光学波长下工作更好地估计星系的质量，在光学波长下，任何恒星形成活动都会增加蓝色光学波段的发射，从而导致对星系质量的估计非常不确定。我们还知道，大部分恒星形成活动和吸积到超大质量黑洞的物质发出的光都被尘埃遮蔽了。这些尘埃消除了星系的蓝光，因此再次在红外线中观察可以提供更清晰的星系图像。视频调查完成后，我们将对宇宙历史上控制星系形成和演化的物理过程有更清晰的了解。

项目成果

Mergers as triggers for nuclear activity: a near-IR study of the close environment of AGN in the VISTA-VIDEO survey

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu009
• 发表时间: 2013-12
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: M. Karouzos;M. Jarvis;D. Bonfield

The star formation history of mass-selected galaxies from the VIDEO survey

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu053
• 发表时间: 2014-01
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: J. Zwart;M. Jarvis;R. Deane;D. Bonfield;K. Knowles;N. Madhanpall;H. Rahmani;Daniel J B Smith

The sizes, masses and specific star formation rates of massive galaxies at 1.3 < z < 1.5: strong evidence in favour of evolution via minor mergers

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sts092
• 发表时间: 2012-05
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: R. McLure;H. Pearce;J. Dunlop;M. Cirasuolo;E. Curtis-Lake;V. Bruce;K. Caputi;K. Caputi

Evolution in the bias of faint radio sources to z ~ 2.2

微弱射电源的偏差向 z ~ 2.2 的演变

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu453
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Lindsay S

AN EXPONENTIAL DECLINE AT THE BRIGHT END OF THE z = 6 GALAXY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION

• DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/145/1/4
• 发表时间: 2012-02
• 期刊: The Astronomical Journal
• 作者: C. Willott;R. McLure;P. Hibon;R. Bielby;H. McCracken;J. Kneib;O. Ilbert;D. Bonfield;V. Bruce;M. Jarvis