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Symmetries, Supersymmetries, Strings and Spacetime: the search for a fundamental theory of physics.

对称性、超对称性、弦和时空：寻找物理学的基本理论。

基本信息

批准号：
ST/G000395/1
负责人：
Peter West
金额：
$ 185.29万
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FG000395%2F1
关键词：
Symmetries Supersymmetries Strings Spacetime search

项目摘要

The proposed research is part of a quest to find a single, complete and consistent theory of physics. While the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces have been understood since the formulation of the so-called standard model in 1967, it has so far not been possible also add the more familiar force of gravity in a consistent way. Our current description of gravity is Einstein's very successful theory of general relativity, which describes the motion of planets, stars and galaxies. At small distances the behaviour of matter and forces is governed by quantum mechanics. It is crucial for the quantum mechanical consistency of the electromagnetic and strong and weak forces that the standard model of particle physics incorporates a large amount of of symmetry. Unfortunately, Einstein's theory of general relativity is not consistent with quantum mechanics and so can not be simply combined with the standard model to provide a consistent theory of all the four forces. It is widely believed that supersymmetry, which is a symmetry that exchanges fermions (matter particles such as the electron) with bosons (force carriers such as photons of light) will play an important role in formulating a unified theory of the four forces. Supersymmetry predicts the existence of yet unknown subatomic particles, and the search for these is an important motivation behind the construction of the `Large Hadron Collider' (LHC) at CERN, a vast laboratory situated in Geneva. Strings are microscopic objects which are extended along one dimensions and can vibrate, just like strings on a violin. To date there does not exist a complete theory of strings, but the lowest energy effects of such a theory are unique as a consequence of the large amount of symmetry, and in particular supersymmetry, that they possess. These are the so-called supergravity theories. By studying these theories it has been realised that branes and a symmetry called U-duality are an important part of the full theory. Branes can similarly be thought of as microscopic generalizations of strings to objects that are extended along more than one dimension. We wish to find and understand this underlying theory of strings and branes. We propose to investigate this very intricate theory from several points of view. The first is to understand the theory at low energies, where it must produce spacetime and the four forces we know. Secondly, we will investigate the theory at very high energies, where its fundamental constituents behave like vibrating strings and branes and the notion of a smooth spacetime does no longer make sense. Our most important tool will be the enormous amount of symmetry that this theory is thought to possesses. Symmetry is a sign of underlying simplicity and beauty and has been a reliable guiding principle in reaching the understanding of physics we have today. In this process we expect to replace of our usual notion of spacetime by one which is consistent with such symmetries. This illustrates on the one hand the profound effect that a unified theory has on our understanding of nature, and on the other hand the central role played by symmetries.

这项拟议中的研究是寻求一个单一的，完整的和一致的物理理论的一部分。虽然自1967年所谓的标准模型形成以来，人们已经理解了电磁力、弱力和强力，但迄今为止还不可能以一致的方式添加更熟悉的引力。我们目前对引力的描述是爱因斯坦非常成功的广义相对论，它描述了行星、恒星和星系的运动。在很小的距离上，物质和力的行为受量子力学的支配。对于电磁力和强弱力的量子力学一致性来说，粒子物理学的标准模型包含了大量的对称性是至关重要的。不幸的是，爱因斯坦的广义相对论与量子力学并不一致，因此不能简单地与标准模型结合起来，提供一个所有四种力的一致理论。人们普遍认为，超对称性是一种将费米子（物质粒子，如电子）与玻色子（力的载体，如光子）交换的对称性，它将在形成四种力的统一理论中发挥重要作用。超对称性预言了未知亚原子粒子的存在，对这些粒子的探索是在位于日内瓦的大型实验室欧洲核子研究中心建造“大型强子对撞机”（LHC）背后的一个重要动机。弦是一种微观物体，它沿着一维延伸，可以振动，就像小提琴上的弦一样。迄今为止，还不存在一个完整的弦理论，但这种理论的最低能量效应是独特的，这是由于它们具有大量的对称性，特别是超对称性。这就是所谓的超引力理论。通过对这些理论的研究，人们认识到膜和称为U-对偶的对称性是完整理论的重要组成部分。膜可以类似地被认为是弦到物体的微观概括，这些物体沿着沿着不止一个维度延伸。我们希望找到并理解弦和膜的基本理论。我们建议从几个角度来研究这个非常复杂的理论。第一个是在低能量下理解这个理论，在那里它必须产生时空和我们所知道的四种力。第二，我们将在非常高的能量下研究这个理论，在那里它的基本成分表现得像振动的弦和膜，光滑时空的概念不再有意义。我们最重要的工具将是这个理论被认为拥有的大量对称性。对称性是一个潜在的简单和美丽的标志，并且一直是我们今天理解物理学的可靠指导原则。在这个过程中，我们期望用一个与这种对称性相一致的时空概念来取代我们通常的时空概念。这一方面说明了统一理论对我们理解自然的深刻影响，另一方面说明了对称性所起的中心作用。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation

切伦科夫望远镜阵列通过伽马射线传播探测宇宙学和基础物理的灵敏度

DOI：
10.1088/1475-7516/2021/02/048
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Abdalla, H.;Abe, H.;Acero, F.;Acharyya, A.;Adam, R.;Agudo, I.;Aguirre-Santaella, A.;Alfaro, R.;Alfaro, J.;Alispach, C.
通讯作者：
Alispach, C.

Multiple membranes in M-theory