Intergenerational Determinants of Youth Smoking Trajectories

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究的首要目标是增加对怀孕期间母亲吸烟对吸烟代际传播的作用的了解。这项研究利用母亲怀孕前、怀孕期间和出生后的吸烟轨迹数据，以及儿童在青少年时期、青春期和青春期的吸烟轨迹数据(例如，吸烟实验、日常使用的进展以及各自的戒烟和/或复发模式)来考察母亲吸烟轨迹对儿童吸烟轨迹的直接、间接和同步影响。运用关于宫内暴露、基因-环境相互作用、社会分层和文化适应的社会和发展理论，本研究定义并评估了关于母亲吸烟对其子女吸烟轨迹的直接、间接和同时影响的假说。本补编利用观察到的按种族/族裔和移民一代(母亲为外国出生的与母亲为本地出生的)的不同模式在母亲吸烟轨迹和青少年吸烟轨迹中的不同模式中的悖论，提供关于怀孕期间母亲吸烟对儿童吸烟轨迹的直接和间接影响的假设的额外测试。方法论方法扩展了正在进行的NICHD(R03)研究项目的发现。数据来自1979年全国青年纵向调查(NLSY79)中具有人口代表性的母亲队列，以及对这些妇女自1986年以来所生的所有子女的持续两年一次的调查，即NLSY79的儿童和青年成人(NLSY79-CyA)。鉴于西班牙裔、黑人和在社会经济上处于不利地位的白人母亲的过度抽样，这些数据非常适合该项目的目标。NLSY79和NLSY79-CyA一起提供了关于母亲和青少年物质使用、儿童认知和行为发展以及儿童、家庭、同伴和邻里层面烟草使用的社会和生物决定因素的代际数据的丰富来源。研究人员使用了一种自回归潜在轨迹方法，使他们能够检查在不同年龄测量的决定因素之间的因果关系，同时也使用潜在变量方法来纠正对社会和发展路径中中介作用的低估。研究结果将提供证据，加强对代际社会和生物机制的理解，通过这些机制，儿童从宫内暴露到成年后积累了对不同吸烟轨迹的脆弱性和复原力。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究考察了早期、童年和青春期的代际途径如何影响成熟青少年和年轻人的健康和社会福祉的烟草相关决定因素，并特别关注按种族/民族、移民一代和性别将母亲吸烟与青少年吸烟联系起来的机制的差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching objective of this study is to increase understanding of the role of maternal smoking during pregnancy on intergenerational transmission of smoking. The study employs data on mother's smoking trajectories prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and after birth in combination with data on the smoking trajectories of children during pre-teenage years, adolescence, and young adulthood (e.g., smoking experimentation, progression to daily use, and respective patterns of discontinuation and/or relapse) to examine the direct, indirect, and concurrent effects of mother's smoking trajectories on children's smoking trajectories. Employing social and developmental theory about in utero exposures, gene-environment interactions, social stratification, and acculturation, the study defines and evaluates hypotheses about the direct, indirect, and concurrent effects of mother's smoking on her children's smoking trajectories. The supplement exploits paradoxes in the observed patterns of difference by race/ethnicity and by immigrant generation (mother foreign-born versus mother native-born) in prevalence and trajectories of maternal smoking trajectories and youth smoking trajectories to provide additional tests of hypotheses about direct and indirect effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on children's smoking trajectories. The methodological approach extends findings from an ongoing NICHD (R03) research project. Data come from a population-representative cohort of mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) and an ongoing biennial survey of all children born to these women since 1986, i.e., the Children and Young Adults of the NLSY79 (NLSY79-CYA). These data are well suited to the project aims in light of the oversample of Hispanic, black, and socioeconomically disadvantaged white mothers. Together the NLSY79 and NLSY79-CYA offer a rich source of intergenerational data on maternal and youth substance use, child cognitive and behavioral development, and the social and biological determinants of tobacco use at the child, family, peer, and neighborhood level. The investigators employ an autoregressive latent trajectory approach that allows them to examine causal relationships among determinants measured at different ages, while also using latent variable methods to correct for the underestimation of mediation through social and developmental pathways. Findings will provide evidence strengthening the understanding of intergenerational social and biological mechanisms whereby children accumulate vulnerability and resilience to different smoking trajectories from exposures in utero through young adulthood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This study examines how intergenerational pathways in early life, childhood, and adolescence shape tobacco-related determinants of the health and social well-being of maturing adolescents and young adults, with specific attention to differences in the mechanisms linking mother's smoking to youth's smoking by race/ethnicity, immigrant generation, and gender.