Forebrain control of locomotion

在自然栖息地行走时，动物和人类必须控制转移 他们的脚的位置，以避免许多障碍物， 违规行为。运动时肌肉收缩的基本顺序是 由脊髓决定，它是脊髓上中心的活动， 通过考虑视觉信息进行运动。该项目的总体目标是 了解前脑的神经元机制，参与适应 运动到视觉感知的环境特征。 所有数据将从在实验室内行走的猫获得 (1)在不需要视觉-运动协调的平坦表面上（简单 运动）和（2）沿着水平阶梯，其中视觉运动协调为 需要将脚准确地放置在横梁上（复杂的运动）。我们 将记录运动皮层和顶叶皮层中识别出的神经元的活动， 丘脑然后，我们将可逆地阻断对这些神经元的各种输入，以了解这些神经元的功能。 这些输入对形成视觉控制信号的贡献 引导步进。目的一：研究丘脑腹外侧区、顶叶区、丘脑腹外侧区、顶叶区 5、GABAA在皮质内的形成机制有简单和复杂之分 锥体束和丘脑投射神经元的运动相关活动 运动皮层目的二，我们将检测丘脑网状核的活动 以及小脑外侧核和间质核的输入在脑内神经元形成中的作用。 简单和复杂的运动相关活动在腹外侧丘脑。 这项研究将揭示前脑重要的神经机制 用于控制视觉引导的运动。该研究可能具有重要的临床意义。 应用.在前脑卒中患者中， 运动缺陷在很大程度上取决于直接前脑的作用的阐明 与脊柱机制相关的运动控制。

When walking in natural habitats, animals and humans must control the transfer and placement of their feet precisely in order to avoid numerous obstacles and irregularities. While the basic order of muscular contractions during locomotion is determined by the spinal cord, it is the activity of supraspinal centers that modifies locomotion by taking into account visual information. The overall aim of this project is to understand the neuronal mechanisms of the forebrain that are involved in adaptation of locomotion to the visually perceived features of the environment. All data will be obtained from cats walking inside an experimental chamber (1) on a flat surface where no visuo-motor coordination will be required (simple locomotion) and (2) along a horizontal ladder where visuo-motor coordination for an accurate foot placement on the cross-pieces will be required (complex locomotion). We will record the activity of identified neurons in motor and parietal cortex, and in motor thalamus. We will then reversibly block various inputs to these neurons to understand the contribution that these inputs make to the formation of signals for control of visually guided stepping. In Aim 1, we will study the roles of ventrolateral thalamus, parietal area 5, and GABAA intra-cortical mechanisms in the formation of simple and complex locomotion-related activity of pyramidal tract and thalamus projecting neurons of the motor cortex. In Aim 2, we will examine the activity of the reticular nucleus of thalamus and the role of inputs from lateral and interposed nuclei of cerebellum in the formation of simple and complex locomotion-related activity in ventrolateral thalamus. The proposed study will reveal important neuronal mechanisms of the forebrain for control of visually guided locomotion. The study may have significant clinical applications. In forebrain stroke patients, selection of rehabilitation strategies for locomotion deficits depends largely on an elucidation of the role of direct forebrain control of locomotion in relation to spinal mechanisms.