International Differences in Health, Longevity, and SES

健康、长寿和社会经济地位方面的国际差异

• 批准号: 8165514
• 负责人: James Patrick Smith
• 金额: $ 32.7万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8165514
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Affect; Age; American; Americas; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Childhood; Chronic; Colon Carcinoma; Country; Data; Diagnosis; Disadvantaged; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Economics; Education; Elderly; England; Europe; European; Event; Family; Feedback; Future; Goals; Government; Health; Health Insurance; Health Status; Health Transition; Household; Household Products; Incidence; Income; Individual; Institution; International; Life; Longevity; Longitudinal Surveys; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methodology; Methods; Morbidity - disease rate; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Prevalence; Principal Investigator; Reaction; Recording of previous events; Research; Resources; Rest; Retirement; Screening for cancer; Screening procedure; Security; Series; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Surveys; System; Testing; United States; Variant; Wages; Western World; age group; base; cancer type; comparative; conditioning; design; innovation; insight; malignant breast neoplasm; middle age; mortality; neoplasm registry; physical conditioning; population based; respiratory; response; satisfaction; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our first objective examines impacts of early life conditions and childhood health across a set of European countries and the US on salient later life adult outcomes including adult health and socioeconomic status (SES). Differences in early life conditions are potentially an important source of international differences in adult health. Second, we will study dual pathways between SES and health with an emphasis on England and America. Pathways from SES to health are explored by examining whether future onsets of new chronic conditions using self-reports and biomarkers of disease are related to key SES markers- income, wealth, and education. We will examine whether "innovations" in economic status affect health-especially during the recent financial crisis. Health feedbacks to labor supply, income, and wealth may be quantitatively important. Health outcomes include physical and mental health, including depression, psycho-social health, overall well-being, and life satisfaction. Our third specific aim examines the relationship between alternative measures of SES and subsequent all cause and cause-specific incident mortality in England and the US. Access to financial resources may be essential in dealing with consequences of health problems after they occur. The final specific aim will examine whether differential cancer screening rates can account for significant parts of country differences in cancer rates, especially those to the disfavor of the United States. Screening is known to vary across types of cancer and is believed to be more aggressive for breast, colon, and prostate cancer in the US than the UK and low for respiratory cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research is important since it deals with the level of well being of older people in the United States compared to the rest of the Industrialized Western World. By using comparative analysis of the United States, England, and other countries, we can assess how and why over-all well being is related to health and socioeconomic status at older ages in these countries.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的第一个客观研究了一组欧洲国家和美国对早期生活状况和儿童健康的影响，对新的后期生活成人结果，包括成人健康和社会经济状况（SES）。早期生命状况的差异可能是成人健康中国际差异的重要来源。其次，我们将研究SES与健康之间的双重途径，重点是英格兰和美国。通过检查使用自我报告和疾病生物标志物的未来对新慢性疾病的侵害，可以探索从SES到健康的途径，与关键SES标记（收入，财富和教育）有关。我们将研究经济状况的“创新”是否会影响健康，尤其是在最近的金融危机中。对劳动力供应，收入和财富的健康反馈在定量上可能很重要。健康结果包括身体和心理健康，包括抑郁症，心理社会健康，整体福祉和生活满意度。我们的第三个特定目的研究了SES的替代措施与随后的所有原因和特定原因的事件死亡率之间的关系。访问财务资源对于处理健康问题后的后果可能是至关重要的。最终的具体目的将检查差异癌症筛查率是否可以解释癌症率差异的重要部分，尤其是那些对美国的不利。众所周知，筛查会因癌症类型而变化，并且在美国，乳腺癌，结肠和前列腺癌的侵略性比英国更具侵略性，而对呼吸癌的侵略性更低。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究很重要，因为与其他工业化西方世界相比，美国老年人的健康水平。通过使用对美国，英格兰和其他国家的比较分析，我们可以评估这些国家年龄较大的年龄段的健康和社会经济地位如何以及为什么过度的福祉。