Reducing ADHD by Promoting Social Collaboration and Self-Regulation Skills

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要在学龄前社会功能受损是许多神经发育障碍的共同特征。虽然大多数学龄前儿童正在形成第一个友谊，并从平行发展到复杂和协调的戏剧游戏，但患有神经发育障碍的儿童往往缺乏有效社会合作所需的抑制控制，注意力集中，情绪调节和移情社会反应。学龄前社会功能障碍预示着在以后的学习、同伴关系和社会情感功能方面存在重大困难，因此应优先进行早期预防性干预。最近的三项研究表明，旨在提高学龄前儿童社会情感学习和自我调节技能的课堂干预措施可以提高社会协作技能，同时加强神经认知执行功能的发展（Bierman，Nix，Greenberg，Domitrovich & Blair，in press; Diamond，巴内特，托马斯& Munro，2007; Riggs，Greenberg，Kusche &彭茨，2006）。如果在学龄前阶段以密集的形式提供广泛的技能发展支持，这些干预技术可能会为预防或减少神经认知障碍儿童所经历的困难带来相当大的希望。基于社会认知神经科学发展模型，拟议的研究将开发和完善一种名为模式化和故意游戏序列（PIPS）教练的干预措施。这种新的干预措施将利用小团体的社会经验，围绕活动和游戏，有组织的发展，以引起和支持日益复杂的社会合作，与治疗师“教练”，以支持社会反应和自我调节技能。我们将在一项严格的、随机对照的、1期临床试验中评估这种干预措施的疗效，该试验涉及128名患有新出现的ADHD的4岁儿童。多方法测量（包括直接儿童评估，观察，教师和家长评级）将评估干预对近端结果（学前社会能力，EF技能，学习参与）和远端结果（幼儿园学校适应和减少ADHD的影响）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary Impaired social functioning during the preschool years is common feature of many of the neurodevelopmental disorders. Whereas most preschool children are forming first friendships and progressing from parallel to complex and coordinated dramatic play, children with neurodevelopmental disorders often lack the inhibitory control, attention focus, emotion regulation, and empathic social responsiveness needed for effective social collaboration. Preschool social impairment predicts significant difficulties in later learning, peer relations, and social-emotional functioning, making early, preventive intervention a priority. Three recent studies have demonstrated that classroom-level interventions designed to enhance the social-emotional learning and self- regulation skills of preschool children can improve social collaboration skills and, concurrently, strengthen neurocognitive executive functioning as it develops (Bierman, Nix, Greenberg, Domitrovich & Blair, in press; Diamond, Barnett, Thomas & Munro, 2007; Riggs, Greenberg, Kusche & Pentz, 2006). These intervention techniques may hold considerable promise for preventing or reducing the difficulties experienced by children with neurocognitive disorders, if delivered during the preschool years in an intensive format that provides extensive support for skill development. Based upon a social-cognitive neuroscience developmental model, the proposed study will develop and refine an intervention called Patterned and Intentional Play Sequence [PIPS] Coaching. This new intervention will utilize small group social experiences, structured around activities and games that are organized developmentally to elicit and support increasingly complex social collaboration, with therapist "coaching" to support social responsively and self-regulation skills. We will evaluate the efficacy of this intervention in a rigorous, randomized-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial involving 128 4-year-old children with emerging ADHD. Multi-method measures (including direct child assessments, observations, and teacher and parent ratings) will assess intervention impact on proximal outcomes (preschool social competencies, EF skills, learning engagement) and on distal outcomes (kindergarten school adjustment and reduced ADHD symptomatology).