Johns Hopkins-Fogarty African Bioethics Training Program

自2001年以来，约翰霍普金斯大学福格蒂非洲生物伦理培训计划(FABTP)已经为23名非洲研究人员、研究伦理委员会(REC)工作人员和政府官员提供了为期一年的研究伦理研究生培训，并为2008年另外挑选了3名学员。要求为2009-2012年另外12名非洲一年期受训人员提供资金。FABTP学员将在约翰霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院和JHU Berman生物伦理学研究所学习6个月，完成严格的研究伦理学、生物伦理学和方法课程、IRB观察、每周FABTP研讨会、JHU和NIH的持续伦理研讨会，以及与JHU导师的定期会议。这确保了在FABTP的四个核心能力方面的培训：1.理论和原则；2.研究伦理培训；3.研究伦理委员会；以及4.研究伦理实证研究。每个学员在JHU期间写一份20-25页的实习提案，包括目标、文献、方法、预算和时间表。在过去的6个月里，学员们在JHU和非洲教员的指导和定期的“签到”下，在母国完成了一项原创的、由资金资助的研究伦理实践。FABTP还在6月份组织并配备了为期一个月的研究伦理计划，费用由其他Fogarty计划分担，这些计划将学员送到JHU参加强化课程、研讨会、访问OHRP、NIH和FDA以及与我们的学员互动。在该项目之前，只有1名FABTP一年期学员发表了生物伦理学文章。现在的评估显示，2001-2007年期间，这批人发表了60篇伦理学文章，参与了48个经验性伦理学项目，讲授了39门伦理学课程，进行了72次伦理学演讲，成立了两个新的研究伦理委员会，担任了15个区域经济共同体成员，并参加了138个伦理讲习班。学员和教职员工合作撰写了一篇被广泛引用的关于非洲区域经济共同体的论文，该论文展示了非洲区域经济共同体的广泛历史和能力，以及这些学员个人对本国机构道德审查能力发展的巨大影响。FABTP的参与为我们23名学员中的7名继续攻读生物伦理学高级学位课程奠定了基础。我们的目标是长远的。我们认识到，专业发展有赖于定期的项目指导，将同事与多种职业机会联系起来，通过电子邮件、通讯、FABTP团聚和各种“小型团聚”定期沟通和社区建设，并在受训人员返回非洲很长一段时间后继续提供这种支持和指导。如果获得资助，我们将继续为杰出的非洲专业人员提供严格而实用的研究伦理培训，促进学员所在机构完成具有创新性和当地价值的实践工作，通过与其他Fogarty项目Amanet的合作以及与我们校友的持续联系，将资源投入非洲生物伦理社区建设，并继续严格评估我们的项目，以确保我们提供尽可能最高质量的研究伦理培训。 公共卫生相关性：随着越来越多的卫生项目出现在低收入国家，特别是在非洲，来自当地环境的专业人员在与人类进行研究的伦理方面进行复杂、深入的培训至关重要。研究是改善人口健康的关键工具；然而，如果研究以过度有害、不尊重或剥削的方式进行，就不会--也不应该--取得成功。只有通过深入培训一批聪明、有成就的非洲研究伦理专业人员，才能对卫生项目的伦理进行高质量的地方监督、批评和合作。这一培训计划自2001年以来一直在培训非洲专业人员，这些专业人员现在在非洲的研究伦理方面担任着非凡的领导职位，现在正在培训其他人也这样做。

The Johns Hopkins Fogarty African Bioethics Training Program (FABTP) has provided one-year graduate training in research ethics to 23 African researchers, Research Ethics Committee (REC) staff, and government officials since 2001 with 3 additional trainees selected for 2008. Funding is requested for 12 more African one-year trainees 2009-2012. FABTP trainees spend 6 months at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and JHU Berman Institute of Bioethics, completing a rigorous program of research ethics, bioethics, and methods courses, IRB observations, a weekly FABTP seminar, ongoing ethics seminars at JHU and the NIH, and regular meetings with JHU mentors. This ensures training in the FABTP four core competencies: 1. theory and principles; 2. training in research ethics; 3. research ethics committees; and 4. empirical research on research ethics. Each trainee writes a 20-25 page practicum proposal while at JHU including objectives, literature, methods, budget, and timeline. Trainees complete an original, funded practicum in research ethics in home countries during the last 6 months, with mentoring and regular "check ins" from JHU and African faculty. The FABTP also organizes and staffs a one-month research ethics program in June, cost-shared with other Fogarty programs who send trainees to JHU for intensive courses, seminars, and visits to OHRP, NIH, and FDA and interactions with our trainees. Before the program, only 1 FABTP one-year trainee had published in bioethics. Evaluations now show 2001-2007 cohorts have published 60 ethics articles, worked on 48 empirical ethics projects, taught in 39 ethics courses, given 72 ethics presentations, started two new research ethics committees, sat on 15 RECs, and attended 138 ethics workshops. Trainees and faculty collaborated on a widely cited paper on African RECs that showed the range of history and capacity of African RECs as well as the tremendous impact these individual trainees have made with capacity development for ethics review in their home institutions. FABTP participation laid the foundation for 7 of our 23 trainees to go on to advanced degree programs in bioethics. Our goal is long term. We recognize that professional development depends on regular project guidance, connecting colleagues to multiple professional opportunities, regular communication and community building through emails, a newsletter, the FABTP reunion and various "mini-reunions", and continuing such support and mentoring long after trainees return to Africa. If funded, we will continue to provide rigorous and practical training in research ethics to extraordinary African professionals, facilitate the completion of innovative and locally valuable practicum work in trainees' home institutions, devote resources to community building for bioethics in Africa through collaborations with other Fogarty programs, AMANET, and ongoing connections with our alumni, and continue to rigorously evaluate our program to ensure we provide the best quality research ethics training possible. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: As more and more health projects occur in low income countries, and particularly in Africa, it is critical for professionals from the local environment to have sophisticated, in-depth training in the ethics of research with humans. Research is a critical tool for improving the health of populations; and yet research will not be successful - and ought not be - if conducted in ways that are unduly harmful, are disrespectful, or are exploitive. It is only through the in-depth training of a cadre of intelligent, accomplished African professionals in research ethics that quality local oversight, critique, and collaboration on the ethics of health projects can occur. This training program has existed since 2001 training African professionals who now have taken on extraordinary leadership positions in research ethics in Africa and now are training others to do the same.