COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF AGING

衰老的比较研究

• 批准号: 8357463
• 负责人: JAMES G HERNDON
• 金额: $ 4.12万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8357463
• 关键词: Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Behavioral; Brain; Data; Enrollment; Female; Funding; Grant; Homo sapiens; Human; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Longevity; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Monkeys; Motor; National Center for Research Resources; Pan Genus; Pan troglodytes; Patients; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological Processes; Predisposition; Primates; Principal Investigator; Research; Research Infrastructure; Resistance; Resources; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Source; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Visual; age related; cognitive function; computerized; cost; design; executive function; human female; memory recognition; nonhuman primate; pressure; theories

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. This project compares brain and cognitive decline in female Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Macaca mulatta. We have collected behavioral data from 436 healthy human females on tasks derived for nonhuman primates (NHPs). Results confirm that humans show age-related decline on NHP-derived tasks designed to measure visual recognition memory, spatial working memory, motor function, and executive function. Parallel studies on rhesus monkeys (n=24) have confirmed the expected pattern of decline in monkeys. However, results in chimpanzees (n=36) have been surprising in that the chimpanzee appears to be somewhat resistant to age-related changes in some tests. Thus, while all three species show deficits in executive function, as measured by our computerized Conceptual Set Shifting Task, only humans and rhesus monkeys, but not chimpanzees, show a decline in spatial working memory. Another aim of this project is to assess cognitive function in AD and MCI patients, enrolled as subjects in the Emory Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), which has also made progress. Twenty-six ADRC subjects have been enrolled, and preliminary results confirm that they too show age-related decline in the CSST and DRST tasks. Additional subjects are now being tested. Many theories of aging suggest that the human's aging phenotype, including impairment and the uniquely human susceptibility to Alzheimer Disease, is a result of selection pressure that shaped our species. This unique study of the differences among three primates will help us understand evolutionary and physiological processes that may paradoxically underlie both our uniquely human longevity and our susceptibility to age-related decline.

这个子项目是许多利用资源的研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目的主要支持 而子项目的主要调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括其它NIH来源。 列出的子项目总成本可能 代表子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 而不是由NCRR赠款提供给子项目或子项目工作人员的直接资金。 该项目比较了女性智人、黑猩猩和猕猴的大脑和认知能力下降。 我们收集了436名健康女性执行非人类灵长类动物（NHP）任务的行为数据。 结果证实，人类表现出与年龄相关的NHP衍生的任务，旨在衡量视觉识别记忆，空间工作记忆，运动功能和执行功能的下降。 对恒河猴（n = 24）进行的平行研究证实了预期的猴子下降模式。 然而，在黑猩猩（n = 36）中的结果令人惊讶，因为黑猩猩在某些测试中似乎对年龄相关的变化有一定的抵抗力。 因此，虽然这三个物种都表现出执行功能的缺陷，正如我们的计算机化概念集转换任务所测量的那样，只有人类和恒河猴，而不是黑猩猩，表现出空间工作记忆的下降。 该项目的另一个目的是评估AD和MCI患者的认知功能，这些患者在埃默里阿尔茨海默病研究中心（ADRC）中被招募为受试者，该中心也取得了进展。 26个ADRC受试者已经入组，初步结果证实，他们也显示出与年龄相关的下降CSST和DRST任务。 目前正在测试其他科目。 许多关于衰老的理论认为，人类的衰老表型，包括损伤和人类对阿尔茨海默病的独特易感性，是塑造我们物种的选择压力的结果。这项对三种灵长类动物之间差异的独特研究将帮助我们理解进化和生理过程，这些过程可能是我们独特的人类长寿和我们对年龄相关衰退的易感性的矛盾基础。