Personality and Well-Being Trajectories in Adulthood

成年后的人格和幸福轨迹

• 批准号: 8039393
• 负责人: DANIEL K. MROCZEK
• 金额: $ 42.42万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8039393
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Area; Boston; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Disease; Foundations; Health; Health Psychology; Health Surveys; Health behavior; Heart Diseases; Hostility; Illinois; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurement; Modeling; Neurotic Disorders; Onset of illness; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Development; Personality Tests; Personality Traits; Physiological; Predictive Value; Psychosocial Factor; Research; Research Personnel; Retirement; Risk; Risk Factors; Running; Science; Stress; Sum; Testing; Thinking; Widowhood; Work; effective intervention; experience; middle age; mortality; physical conditioning; psychosocial; stressor; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two sets of recent findings can tie together the areas of lifespan personality development and personality and health. First, certain personality traits predict mortality. Second, not only do traits have the capacity to change over the lifespan, but such change predicts mortality. In the last project period we have provided the foundation for such an integration of the areas of personality and health and personality development. In this competing renewal, we propose a number of studies that will lead to a more nuanced understanding of these phenomena. We request support for further data analyses within the Boston VA Normative Aging Study (NAS), as well as to obtain two more waves of longitudinal data and another measurement burst (daily experiences study). Recognizing that the NAS cohort is decreasing in size due to increased mortality, we are also requesting support to expand our studies to two other longitudinal studies that are slightly younger in age and which are more diverse: the Midlife in the U.S. Survey (MIDUS) and the Health & Activity Study of Central Illinois (HASCI). The latter is consistent with recent calls to simultaneously analyze multiple data sets to answer common research questions, in pursuit of cumulative science. We believe each of our aims are significant and have high health relevance, and in concert they will lead to enhanced knowledge of how personality and well-being, but also change in these constructs, can affect health and mortality. We will be guided by two specific aims: 1) To test an overarching conceptual model of the mechanisms that form conduits between personality and disease/mortality, and 2) to test how personality change influences illness and mortality, and to determine what are the intervening variables that explain this association. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: It is important to understand the psychosocial factors that predict physical health and mortality over the adult lifespan and into the older years. In particular, we require more thorough knowledge on the mechanisms through which such psychosocial factors influence disease and mortality. Among the most promising psychosocial predictors of health and mortality are personality variables, but change in these constructs may prove as important for health as simple level.

描述（由申请人提供）：两组最近的发现可以将生命周期人格发展和人格与健康领域联系在一起。首先，某些性格特征可以预测死亡率。其次，不仅性格特征在人的一生中会发生变化，而且这种变化也预示着死亡率。在上一个项目期间，我们为人格、健康和人格发展领域的这种整合奠定了基础。在这个竞争性的更新中，我们提出了一些研究，这些研究将导致对这些现象的更细致的理解。我们请求支持在波士顿VA规范老龄化研究（NAS）中进一步的数据分析，以及获得两波以上的纵向数据和另一个测量爆发（日常经验研究）。认识到由于死亡率的增加，NAS队列的规模正在缩小，我们也请求支持将我们的研究扩展到另外两个年龄稍年轻且更多样化的纵向研究：美国中年调查（MIDUS）和伊利诺斯州中部健康与活动研究（HASCI）。后者与最近的呼吁是一致的，即同时分析多个数据集来回答常见的研究问题，以追求累积科学。我们相信，我们的每一个目标都是重要的，与健康高度相关，它们将导致对人格和福祉以及这些结构的变化如何影响健康和死亡率的进一步了解。我们将以两个具体目标为指导：1)测试人格与疾病/死亡率之间形成通道的机制的总体概念模型；2)测试人格改变如何影响疾病和死亡率，并确定解释这种关联的干预变量是什么。