Personality and Well-Being Trajectories in Adulthood

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的两组发现可以将寿命、人格发展和人格与健康领域联系在一起。第一，某些人格特质可以预测死亡率。第二，不仅性状有能力在生命周期中发生变化，而且这种变化预测了死亡率。在上一个项目期间，我们为个性与健康和个性发展等领域的一体化奠定了基础。在这种竞争性的更新中，我们提出了一些研究，这些研究将导致对这些现象的更细致入微的理解。我们请求支持在波士顿VA规范老化研究（NAS）中进行进一步的数据分析，并获得两波纵向数据和另一次测量突发（日常经验研究）。认识到NAS队列的规模由于死亡率增加而减少，我们还要求支持将我们的研究扩展到其他两项年龄稍小且更多样化的纵向研究：美国中年调查（MIDUS）和伊利诺伊州中部健康与活动研究（HASCI）。后者与最近呼吁同时分析多个数据集以回答常见的研究问题，以追求累积科学是一致的。我们相信，我们的每一个目标都是重要的，具有高度的健康相关性，它们将共同提高人们对个性和幸福以及这些结构的变化如何影响健康和死亡率的认识。我们将以两个具体目标为指导：1）测试形成人格与疾病/死亡率之间管道的机制的总体概念模型，2）测试人格变化如何影响疾病和死亡率，并确定解释这种关联的干预变量。 公共卫生相关性：重要的是要了解心理社会因素，预测身体健康和死亡率在成年人的寿命和进入老年。特别是，我们需要更透彻地了解这些心理社会因素影响疾病和死亡率的机制。在健康和死亡率的最有前途的心理社会预测因素是个性变量，但这些结构的变化可能被证明是重要的健康作为简单的水平。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two sets of recent findings can tie together the areas of lifespan personality development and personality and health. First, certain personality traits predict mortality. Second, not only do traits have the capacity to change over the lifespan, but such change predicts mortality. In the last project period we have provided the foundation for such an integration of the areas of personality and health and personality development. In this competing renewal, we propose a number of studies that will lead to a more nuanced understanding of these phenomena. We request support for further data analyses within the Boston VA Normative Aging Study (NAS), as well as to obtain two more waves of longitudinal data and another measurement burst (daily experiences study). Recognizing that the NAS cohort is decreasing in size due to increased mortality, we are also requesting support to expand our studies to two other longitudinal studies that are slightly younger in age and which are more diverse: the Midlife in the U.S. Survey (MIDUS) and the Health & Activity Study of Central Illinois (HASCI). The latter is consistent with recent calls to simultaneously analyze multiple data sets to answer common research questions, in pursuit of cumulative science. We believe each of our aims are significant and have high health relevance, and in concert they will lead to enhanced knowledge of how personality and well-being, but also change in these constructs, can affect health and mortality. We will be guided by two specific aims: 1) To test an overarching conceptual model of the mechanisms that form conduits between personality and disease/mortality, and 2) to test how personality change influences illness and mortality, and to determine what are the intervening variables that explain this association. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: It is important to understand the psychosocial factors that predict physical health and mortality over the adult lifespan and into the older years. In particular, we require more thorough knowledge on the mechanisms through which such psychosocial factors influence disease and mortality. Among the most promising psychosocial predictors of health and mortality are personality variables, but change in these constructs may prove as important for health as simple level.