First Responders e-Training Curricula for Mass Screening After a Nuclear Event

核事件后大规模筛查的急救人员电子培训课程

• 批准号: 8141916
• 负责人: Michael Rea
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: NICOLALDE R AND D, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8141916
• 关键词: Acute; Biological; Biological Assay; Blood; Chemicals; Collaborations; Communication; Communities; Contracts; Development; Devices; Disasters; Dose; Educational Curriculum; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electronics; Emergency Situation; English Language; Evaluation; Event; Exercise; Federal Government; Feedback; Floods; Focus Groups; Funding; General Population; Genetic Markers; Goals; Government; Grant; Guidelines; Human Resources; Hurricane; Individual; Learning; Literature; Lymphocyte Count; Maintenance; Mass Screening; Measures; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Natural Disasters; Nuclear; Nuclear power plant accident; Performance; Phase; Population; Procedures; Process; Radiation; Radiation Syndromes; Screening procedure; Services; Site; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Source; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Triage; Video Games; Vomiting; base; biodosimetry; college; design; dosimetry; emergency service responder; novel; operation; pandemic disease; population based; programs; radiation effect; research and development; response; simulation; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most training curricula for first responders and Skilled Service Personnel (SSP) has been focused on chemical, biological, natural disaster (hurricane, flood), and pandemic response. However, training curricula regarding response to radiological events has been limited. Although some basic training exists for small radiological events, training that focuses on the screening and triaging of large numbers of potential victims seeking medical services after a catastrophic nuclear event, i.e., the detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device and even an Explosive Dispersal Device, is nonexistent. First responders are ill prepared to deal with an overwhelming large number of victims and worried-well resulting from such a catastrophic event, and current guidelines and training curricula from federal sources such as the REMM and the REAC/TS focus only on small events, i.e., nuclear power plant accidents. Nicolalde R&D LLC in collaboration with Dartmouth College, proposes to develop (in Phase 1) an e-training curricula for First Responders, Skilled Service Personnel (SSP), and volunteers to respond to a catastrophic nuclear event that requires the screening and medical triage of larger numbers of potential victims, following our proprietary methodology for developing, implementing and evaluating new operating procedures and technologies for emergency response. The current literature regarding Standard Operating Procedures and federal guidelines for responding and mitigating the effects of radiation exposures, for any size of radiological event, relies on unreliable and poorly tested methods for measuring radiation exposure at the individual level, i.e., time to emesis, and serial lymphocyte count over a period of several days, and assumes that the medical system will have the capacity to admit every potential victim. These guidelines will not provide the needed capabilities to screen large numbers of potential victims, which will most likely overwhelm the medical system. The federal government has been spending significant amounts of money on grants (U19 CMCR) and contracts (BARDAs) to support the development and implementation of high throughput and rapid biodosimetry technologies that can be available through the national stockpile. We propose to include in our training curricula the use of these novel biodosimetry technologies that can screen and triage potential victims efficiently and reliably. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance dosimetry (EPR) is one of such technologies capable of providing the needed capability. Another example of such technologies is a blood assay based on genetic markers that can be used rapidly in the field. Curricula for the use of any of these fast dosimetry techniques is not existent. In phase 1 we will develop the training curricula (content) in two languages, English and Spanish. We will also explore the feasibility to deliver the content using some of the currently available methods to deliver e-training such as the Just-In-Time Training for Emergency Incidents System (JITTEIS), or through interactive DVD format, or through interactive video games. We will explore these alternatives and make the appropriate contacts to potentially test the training program using the selected alternative in Phase 2. The application is rated at a priority score level of 49.

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数急救人员和技术服务人员（SSP）的培训课程都集中在化学、生物、自然灾害（飓风、洪水）和流行病应对方面。然而，有关放射事件反应的培训课程有限。虽然存在针对小型放射性事件的一些基本培训，但在灾难性核事件（即简易核装置甚至爆炸扩散装置爆炸）发生后，对大量寻求医疗服务的潜在受害者进行筛选和分类的培训并不存在。第一反应者还没有准备好应对如此多的受害者，而且由于这样一个灾难性的事件而感到担忧，而目前来自联邦政府的指导方针和培训课程，如REMM和REAC/TS，只关注小事件，即核电站事故。Nicolalde研发有限责任公司与达特茅斯学院合作，提议（在第一阶段）为第一反应者、熟练服务人员（SSP）和志愿者开发一个电子培训课程，以应对灾难性的核事件，该事件需要对大量潜在受害者进行筛选和医疗分类，遵循我们开发、实施和评估应急反应新操作程序和技术的专有方法。对于任何规模的辐射事件，目前关于应对和减轻辐射暴露影响的标准操作程序和联邦指导方针的文献依赖于不可靠和测试不足的方法来测量个人水平的辐射暴露，即呕吐时间和几天内的连续淋巴细胞计数，并假设医疗系统将有能力接纳每一个潜在的受害者。这些指导方针不会提供筛查大量潜在受害者所需的能力，这很可能会使医疗系统不堪重负。联邦政府一直在拨款（U19 CMCR）和合同（barda）上投入大量资金，以支持高通量和快速生物剂量测定技术的开发和实施，这些技术可以通过国家储备获得。我们建议在我们的培训课程中包括使用这些新的生物剂量测定技术，这些技术可以有效和可靠地筛选和分类潜在的受害者。电子顺磁共振剂量法（EPR）就是其中一种能够提供所需能力的技术。这种技术的另一个例子是基于遗传标记的血液分析，可以在现场快速使用。使用这些快速剂量测定技术的课程是不存在的。在第一阶段，我们将以英语和西班牙语两种语言开发培训课程（内容）。我们亦会探讨是否可以使用一些目前可用的电子培训方法，例如紧急事件即时培训系统，或透过互动DVD格式，或透过互动电玩游戏，提供内容。我们将探索这些备选方案，并进行适当的接触，以便在第二阶段使用选定的备选方案对培训计划进行潜在的测试。