Evolution and Human Reproduction: A longitudinal study of the Dogon of Mali

描述(由申请人提供)： 拟议的学术工作是一本书，书名为：进化和人类繁殖：马里多贡河的纵向研究。它利用了作者在班达卡拉陡坡沿线的九个农村村庄(人口5000人)收集的20多年的定量数据。多贡人是一个自然生育的群体，这意味着他们的生殖模式不会因避孕而混乱。因此，它们是研究生殖和行为基础的进化机制的理想选择。这本书将解决这样的问题：是什么导致女性生育率和儿童死亡率的差异？在数据中可以观察到生活史的权衡吗？代谢性疾病的发育起源是什么？如果女性大部分时间处于怀孕或哺乳期闭经，她们一生中会经历多少次月经？在这样的女性中，患乳腺癌的风险更低吗？更年期为什么会演变，祖父母对孩子的成长和生存有什么影响？月经小屋有什么作用？女性会同步她们的月经周期吗？这本书与它的同行的区别主要是作者关于生育、死亡率、月经、健康、激素、生长和遗传学的独特的、纵向的数据集的可用性。样本量很大。例如，对月经的研究包括对连续736个晚上出现在月经小屋的女性的普查数据，其中包括550次月经开始。这项关于儿童生长、发育和存活的研究包括1700名儿童，他们中的大多数被跟踪调查，从婴儿期到青春期后期。有关祖父母的数据样本大小为6800名祖父母。在分析中使用了最新的统计方法，如Logistic回归、Cox回归和风险建模。目标受众是医生和科学家。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed scholarly work is a book to be titled: Evolution and Human Reproduction: A longitudinal study in the Dogon of Mali. It draws on over 20 years of quantitative data that the author collected in nine rural villages (population 5000) situated along the Bandiagara Escarpment. The Dogon are a natural fertility population which means that their reproductive patterns are not confounded by contraception. Hence they are ideal for studying the evolved mechanisms that underlie reproduction and behavior. The book will address such questions as: What causes variation in female fertility and child mortality? Are life history trade-offs observable in the data? What are the developmental origins of metabolic disease? How many lifetime menses do women experience if they spend most of the time pregnant or in lactational amenorrhea? In such women is the risk for breast cancer lower? Why did menopause evolve and what effect do grandparents have on children's growth and survival? What is the function of menstrual huts? Do women synchronize their menstrual cycles? The book is distinguished from its peers primarily by the availability of the author's unique, longitudinal data sets on fertility, mortality, menstruation, health, hormones, growth, and genetics. Sample sizes are large. For example, the study of menstruation includes data from a census of women present at the menstrual huts on each of 736 consecutive nights, including 550 menstrual onsets. The study of child growth, development, and survival includes 1700 children, most of whom were followed from infancy to late adolescence. The data on grandparents has a sample size of 6800 grandparents. State of the art statistical methods, such as logistic regression, Cox regression, and hazards modeling, were used in the analyses. The target audience is physicians and scientists.