Neural Markers of Emotional Reactivity in Youth Depression and Anxiety

描述(由申请人提供)：了解心理障碍中情绪处理和反应的模式可能有助于确定导致情绪过程失调的机制和干预的目标区域1.此外，确定精神病理学的前驱对于选择风险最高的个人和实施预防工作至关重要3、4.心理生理学测量对于研究情绪特别有用，以确定可能无法通过行为观察或自我报告观察到的过程5.虽然对情绪和精神病理学的研究正在增长，但从发展精神病理学的角度进行的工作却很少。有证据表明，抑郁症可能与对愉快和令人不快的情绪刺激的情绪反应性降低有关，但至少某些类型的焦虑症似乎与对令人不快的、特别是具有威胁性的信息的反应性增加有关。对情绪刺激敏感的事件相关电位成分中的晚期正电位(LPP)。有一些证据表明，成人抑郁症与情绪刺激的LPP减少11有关，至少成年人的某些形式的焦虑与LPP 12，13的增加有关；然而，研究尚未检查LPP与儿童抑郁和焦虑症状之间的联系，或作为精神病理风险的函数。这项拟议的项目是一个更大的纵向研究的一部分，将测量大脑皮质和行为对不愉快、中性和愉快图像的反应，以检查在控制儿童症状的同时，与9岁儿童抑郁和焦虑症状的相关性，以及与情感障碍(即，父母抑郁或焦虑障碍的病史)的相关性。此外，将使用主成分分析(PCA)技术进一步研究儿童情绪刺激的特定成分以及与抑郁和焦虑的关联。 公共卫生相关性：这项拟议的研究将检查患有抑郁和焦虑症状的儿童以及出现情绪和焦虑症风险增加的儿童的情绪反应神经标记物。对情绪处理和心理障碍之间关系的研究可能有助于更好地理解这些障碍的潜在机制，并有助于确定干预的目标区域1，2。此外，从发展的角度研究与抑郁和焦虑相关的情绪反应模式，对于及早识别高危个体和实施预防措施至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding patterns of emotional processing and reactivity in psychological disorders may aid in identifying mechanisms contributing to dysfunctional emotional processes and areas to target in interventions1,2. In addition, the identification of precursors for psychopathology is crucial for selecting individuals at highest risk and for implementing prevention efforts3, 4. Psychophysiological measures are particularly useful for studying emotion in order to identify processes that may not be observable through behavioral observations or self-report5. While research on emotion and psychopathology is growing, little work has been conducted from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Evidence suggests that depression may be associated with reduced emotional reactivity to pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli6, but at least some types of anxiety disorders appear to be associated with increased reactivity to unpleasant, particularly threatening, information7-9. The late positive potential (LPP) in an event-related potential component sensitive to emotional stimuli10. There is some evidence adult depression is associated with reduced LPPs to emotional stimuli11 and at least some forms of anxiety in adults are associated with increased LPPs12,13; however, research has yet to examine associations between the LPP and depressive and anxiety symptoms in children or as a function of risk for psychopathology. The proposed project is part of a larger longitudinal study and will measure electrocortical and behavioral responses to unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant images to examine associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms in nine-year-old children and associations with risk for affective disorders (i.e., parental history of depressive or anxiety disorders) while controlling for child symptoms. In addition, principle component analysis (PCA) techniques will be used to further examine the components specific to emotional stimuli in children and associations with depression and anxiety. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed study will examine neural markers of emotional reactivity in children with depressive and anxiety symptoms and in children at increased risk for developing mood and anxiety disorders. Research on the relationships between emotional processing and psychological disorders has the potential to lead to improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these disorders and could aid in identifying target areas for intervention1, 2. In addition, studying patterns of emotional reactivity associated with depression and anxiety from a developmental perspective is essential for early recognition of individuals at highest risk and the implementation of prevention efforts3, 4.