Project 6: Nanomaterial Design for Environmental Health and Safety

新的纳米材料有望成为下一代环境中的使能部件 技术，但也可能通过非故意接触造成自身的健康风险。项目6的用途 纳米合成的现代方法来创造、表征和配制用于研究这两种物质的新材料 它们对环境健康和安全的影响和应用。 在最初的筹资阶段，创建了一组纳米材料和纳米结构材料的吸着剂 并对气相汞的捕获进行了评估。臭氧处理的碳和纳米级的银、铜、镍、S和 与相同材料的常规版本相比，Se被证明具有更高的吸附容量， 一种纳米吸附剂配方(不稳定、无定形的纳米硒)的活性比 今天市面上能买到的任何吸附剂。此次续签将调查其详细机制。 汞/纳米材料反应，重点是创造水相汞去除的新技术 与Project 5和管理荧光释放的汞的新技术合作 在搬运、使用或报废处理过程中损坏的灯。 在纳米技术影响领域，开发了量化金属生物有效性的技术 并确定了疏水表面积在碳纳米管毒性中的作用。研究也是如此 对更安全的纳米材料配方进行研究，包括对纳米管进行解毒的新纯化方案 通过靶向去除生物可用金属，使纳米管功能化以抑制叶酸吸附 这抑制了细胞的增殖，并将TPGS用作一种新的抗氧化剂表面活性剂，用于“绿色”水 纳米管加工，所有这些都与项目2密切合作。 在下一个资助期，我们假设对纳米级镍、氧化镍、 铬酸盐和含Ni/Y的碳纳米管将取决于尺寸、表面状态和特定配方。 替代配方将通过退火、氧化、提纯以及共价和非共价来制备 表面改性，材料的行为将在复杂的生物和 环境流体相模拟剂。项目2、4和6的共同目标是理解材料和 通过迭代纳米材料配方和生物测试研究纳米毒性的分子基础。它是 预期这一迭代和协作过程将导致纳米材料的结构/活性关系 以及安全纳米材料设计的一般规则。

New nanomaterials offer promise as enabling components in next-generation environmental technologies, but may also pose health risks of their own through unintended exposure. Project 6 uses modern methods of nanosynthesis to create, characterize, and formulate new materials for study of both their implications and applications to environmental health and safety. In the initial funding period, a panel of nanomaterial and nanostructured material sorbents was created and evaluated for capture of vapor phase mercury. Ozone-treated carbon and nanoscale Ag, Cu, Ni, S, and Se were shown to have much higher adsorption capacities than conventional versions of the same materials, and one nanosorbent formulation (unstabilized, amorphous nano-selenium) had fifty-fold higher activity than any sorbent commercially available today. The renewal will investigate the detailed mechanisms of Hg/nanomaterial reactions with emphasis on creating new technologies for aqueous-phase mercury removal in collaboration with Project 5 and new technologies for managing the mercury released from fluorescent lamps that break during handling, use, or end-of-life disposal. In the area of nanotechnology implications, techniques were developed to quantify metal bioavailability and identify the role of hydrophobic surface area in the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Research was also carried out on safer nanomaterial formulations including new purification protocols that detoxify nanotubes through targeted removal of bioavailable metal, functionalization of nanotubes to suppress folate adsorption that inhibits cell proliferation, and the use of TPGS as a new anti-oxidant surfactant for "green" aqueous nanotube processing, all in close collaboration with Project 2. In the next funding period, we hypothesize that the biological response to nanoscale nickel, nickel oxide, chromate, and Ni/Y-containing carbon nanotubes will depend on size, surface state, and specific formulation. Alternative formulations will be prepared through annealing, oxidation, purification, and covalent and noncovalent surface modification, and the behavior of the materials will be studied in complex biological and environmental fluid phase simulants. A joint goal of Projects 2, 4, and 6 is to understand the materials and molecular bases for nanotoxicity through iterative nanomaterial formulation and biological testing. It is anticipated that this iterative and collaborative process will lead to nanomaterial structure/activity relations and general rules for safe nanomaterial design.