Nanomaterial Design for Environmental Health and Safety

项目总结/摘要 项目4为环境健康挑战开发纳米技术解决方案，并确定 在项目2中与Agnes Kane密切合作，研究纳米毒性机制和安全设计原则 作为布朗SRP主题的一部分，综合生物医学和工程解决方案，以监管不确定性。 我们对纳米技术应用和安全的综合方法致力于创造新的环境 在这方面，我们将继续努力，确保纳米技术的负责任发展得到纳米材料危害数据的指导。 我们建议制造和测试高性能的石墨烯基环境屏障， 有毒气体的释放和运输。不可渗透的，二维的，充满空间的几何形状， 石墨烯提供了屏障功能，其原子级厚度提供了超低质量的潜力 负载，因此成本低。我们将制作平铺的多层氧化石墨烯阻挡膜， 汞和三氯乙烯作为模型蒸气毒物。渗透率将作为以下函数进行测量： 厚度、沉积方法、水含量和通过热还原和交联的后处理。我们 还将评估创造用于个人防护的新型石墨烯透气屏障的潜力， 使出汗的水蒸气向外排出，同时阻止有毒物质向内流动。我们将与博士合作。 Eric Suuberg在项目3中描述了VOC在这些石墨烯基薄膜上的动态吸附， 了解渗透机制，并将研究石墨烯的环境稳定性和降解 在罗得岛的污染现场进行长期的实地研究。 项目4还将描述与石墨烯吸入相关的人类健康风险， 测试方法涵盖项目2和4。我们假设横向尺寸和表面氧化态 是石墨烯材料毒性的主要决定因素。在项目4中，我们将创建一个面板， 石墨烯材料的横向尺寸和表面化学的系统变化，用于细胞，在体外 和体内测试。项目4将领导非细胞表征，并将表征石墨烯助氧化剂 和抗氧化剂的行为，使用电子顺磁共振，染料氧化测定，和一个定制的 在Brown开发的谷胱甘肽测定法，用于在存在纳米材料的情况下进行无伪影测量。我们将 还研究石墨烯材料的环境和生物稳定性和降解与以下因素的关系 在生物系统和自然环境中发现的机械、流体、氧化和辐射应激源。 最后，大多数纳米材料不是以纯形式使用，而是作为配制的复合材料或混合物使用。我们将 制造和测试铜-石墨烯混合物的细胞和生物化学行为，作为复合物的模型 在纳米技术实践中发生的暴露。这项工作还将评估石墨烯 包封是减轻纳米颗粒在人类健康应用中的毒性的有效策略。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Project 4 develops nano-enabled technological solutions to environmental health challenges, and identifies mechanisms of nanotoxicity and principles of safe design in close collaboration with Agnes Kane in Project 2 as part of the Brown SRP theme of Integrated Biomedical & Engineering Solutions to Regulatory Uncertainty. Our integrated approach to nanotechnology applications and safety strives to create new environmental technologies, while ensuring their responsible development informed by data on nanomaterial hazard. We propose to fabricate and test high-performance graphene-based environmental barriers for preventing the release and transport of vapor toxicants. The impermeable, two-dimensional, space-filling geometry of graphene provides the barrier function, and its atomic-scale thickness offers the potential for ultra-low mass loadings and thus low cost. We will fabricate tiled, multilayer graphene oxide barrier films for containing mercury and trichloroethylene as model vapor toxicants. Permeability will be measured as a function of thickness, deposition method, water content, and post-processing by thermal reduction and cross-linking. We will also assess the potential to create novel graphene-based breathable barriers for personal protection that pass perspired water vapor outward while impeding the inward flow of toxicants. We will collaborate with Dr. Eric Suuberg in Project 3 to characterize the dynamic adsorption of VOCs onto these graphene-based films to understand permeation mechanisms, and will study environmental stability and degradation of graphene through long-term field studies at contaminated field sites in Rhode Island with Dr. James Rice in the RTC. Project 4 will also characterize human health risks associated with graphene inhalation in a tiered toxicity testing approach spanning Projects 2 and 4. We hypothesize that lateral dimension and surface oxidation state are the primary determinants of graphene material toxicity. In Project 4 we will create and characterize a panel of graphene materials with systematic variation in lateral dimension and surface chemistry for cellular, in vitro and in vivo testing. Project 4 will lead the acellular characterization and will characterize graphene pro-oxidant and antioxidant behaviors using electron paramagnetic resonance, dye oxidation assays, and a custom glutathione assay developed at Brown for artifact-free measurement in the presence of nanomaterials. We will also study the environmental and biological stability and degradation of graphene materials as a function of mechanical, fluid, oxidative, and radiative stressors found in biological systems and the natural environment. Finally, most nanomaterials are not used in pure form, but as formulated composites or hybrids. We will fabricate and test the cellular and biochemical behavior of copper-graphene hybrids as models for the complex exposures occurring in nanotechnology practice. This work will also assess the hypothesis that graphene encapsulation is an effective strategy for mitigating the toxicity of nanoparticles in human health applications.