Project 6: Nanomaterial Design for Environmental Health and Safety

新型纳米材料有望成为下一代环境中的支持组件 技术，但也可能因意外接触而带来自身的健康风险。项目6用途 现代纳米合成方法，用于创建、表征和配制新材料，用于研究两者 它们对环境健康和安全的影响和应用。 在最初的资助期间，创建了一组纳米材料和纳米结构材料吸附剂 并评估气相汞的捕获。臭氧处理的碳和纳米级银、铜、镍、硫和 Se 被证明比相同材料的传统版本具有更高的吸附能力， 一种纳米吸附剂配方（不稳定的无定形纳米硒）的活性比 目前市售的任何吸附剂。更新将调查详细机制 汞/纳米材料反应，重点是创造水相除汞新技术 与项目 5 和新技术合作管理荧光灯释放的汞 在处理、使用或报废处理过程中破裂的灯。 在纳米技术影响领域，开发了量化金属生物利用度的技术 并确定疏水表面积在碳纳米管毒性中的作用。研究还 对更安全的纳米材料配方进行研究，包括对纳米管进行解毒的新纯化方案 通过有针对性地去除生物可利用的金属、纳米管的功能化来抑制叶酸吸附 抑制细胞增殖，以及使用TPGS作为“绿色”水剂的新型抗氧化表面活性剂 纳米管加工，全部与 Project 2 密切合作。 在下一个资助期内，我们假设对纳米级镍、氧化镍的生物反应， 铬酸盐和含 Ni/Y 碳纳米管将取决于尺寸、表面状态和具体配方。 替代配方将通过退火、氧化、纯化、共价和非共价来制备 表面改性以及材料的行为将在复杂的生物和环境中进行研究 环境流体相模拟物。项目 2、4 和 6 的共同目标是了解材料和 通过迭代纳米材料配方和生物测试来确定纳米毒性的分子基础。它是 预计这种迭代和协作过程将导致纳米材料结构/活性关系 以及安全纳米材料设计的一般规则。

New nanomaterials offer promise as enabling components in next-generation environmental technologies, but may also pose health risks of their own through unintended exposure. Project 6 uses modern methods of nanosynthesis to create, characterize, and formulate new materials for study of both their implications and applications to environmental health and safety. In the initial funding period, a panel of nanomaterial and nanostructured material sorbents was created and evaluated for capture of vapor phase mercury. Ozone-treated carbon and nanoscale Ag, Cu, Ni, S, and Se were shown to have much higher adsorption capacities than conventional versions of the same materials, and one nanosorbent formulation (unstabilized, amorphous nano-selenium) had fifty-fold higher activity than any sorbent commercially available today. The renewal will investigate the detailed mechanisms of Hg/nanomaterial reactions with emphasis on creating new technologies for aqueous-phase mercury removal in collaboration with Project 5 and new technologies for managing the mercury released from fluorescent lamps that break during handling, use, or end-of-life disposal. In the area of nanotechnology implications, techniques were developed to quantify metal bioavailability and identify the role of hydrophobic surface area in the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Research was also carried out on safer nanomaterial formulations including new purification protocols that detoxify nanotubes through targeted removal of bioavailable metal, functionalization of nanotubes to suppress folate adsorption that inhibits cell proliferation, and the use of TPGS as a new anti-oxidant surfactant for "green" aqueous nanotube processing, all in close collaboration with Project 2. In the next funding period, we hypothesize that the biological response to nanoscale nickel, nickel oxide, chromate, and Ni/Y-containing carbon nanotubes will depend on size, surface state, and specific formulation. Alternative formulations will be prepared through annealing, oxidation, purification, and covalent and noncovalent surface modification, and the behavior of the materials will be studied in complex biological and environmental fluid phase simulants. A joint goal of Projects 2, 4, and 6 is to understand the materials and molecular bases for nanotoxicity through iterative nanomaterial formulation and biological testing. It is anticipated that this iterative and collaborative process will lead to nanomaterial structure/activity relations and general rules for safe nanomaterial design.