DEVELOPMENT OF HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION IN CAPUCHIN MONKEYS (CEBUS APELLA)

这个子项目是许多利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 本项目的目的是研究卷尾猴从出生到成年早期的大脑发育和侧化行为发展之间的联系。 关于Cebus的大脑发育以及相应的行为和认知发育知之甚少，除了这个物种显示出异常快速的出生后大脑发育和运动技能发展的事实之外。 出生后大脑发育的这一延长期提供了行为经验影响神经发育和组织的可能性。 目前的项目将提供有关正常成熟的Cebus大脑和经验的作用，影响神经组织的重要数据。 我们将使用磁共振成像（MRI）和扩散张量成像（DTI）来检查胼胝体的形态和地形的变化，作为认知和运动任务的长期经验的结果。 从1周龄到成年，每隔6个月获得一次结构MRI和DTI，对大脑发育进行量化。 我们将使用DTI技术在体内绘制僧帽猴胼胝体的解剖连接。 每周将对这些个体进行各种粗大运动和精细运动评估（包括偏侧行为）。 大运动和精细运动评估将遵循马伦早期学习量表。 个体还将在执行若干运动任务时表征手偏好，包括抓握、双手喂食和协调双手任务。 由于大多数关于灵长类动物早期经历及其对神经发育影响的研究都集中在不良的社会经历上，因此我们提出的研究将提供一种独特的方法来研究参与运动学习的神经连接。 我们将评估偏侧和非偏侧受试者的CC功能解剖结构是否不同。 我们假设，偏侧的受试者将显示差异的CC的组织，特别是在前部区域（预测到前额，运动前和辅助运动，和运动皮质）。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The purpose of this project is to examine the link between brain development and development of lateralized behavior in capuchin monkeys from birth to early adulthood. Little is known about Cebus brain development and corresponding behavioral and cognitive development, outside of the fact that this species displays unusually fast postnatal brain growth and motor skill development. This extended period of postnatal brain development provides for the possibility of behavioral experiences to influence neural development and organization. The present project will provide important data about the normal maturation of Cebus brains and the role of experience in influencing neural organization. We will use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine changes in morphology and topography of the corpus callosum as a result of long-term experience with cognitive and motor tasks. Brain development will be quantified by obtaining structural MRI and DTI at 6 month intervals, from the age of 1 week to adulthood. We will map the anatomical connectivity of the corpus callosum in capuchin monkeys in vivo using DTI. Various gross motor and fine motor assessments (including lateralized behavior) will occur weekly in these same individuals. Gross motor and fine motor assessment will follow the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Individuals will also be characterized for hand preference while performing several motor tasks, including grasping, bimanual feeding and a coordinated bimanual task. As most studies of early experiences and the resulting effects on neurological development in primates have focused on adverse social experiences, our proposed research will provide a unique way to examine neural connectivity involved in motor learning. We will evaluate whether lateralized and non-lateralized subjects differ in the functional anatomy of the CC. We hypothesize that lateralized subjects will show differences in the organization of the CC, especially in anterior regions (projections to prefrontal, premotor and supplementary motor, and motor cortices).