Prospective Study of Traumatic Stress in Police Officers

这是一个有竞争力的更新申请补助金RO 1 MH 056350-o 6？创伤后的前瞻性研究 警察的压力？这项研究的目标是促进对风险和弹性因素的理解 治疗创伤后应激障碍我们招收了400名警察学院的新兵， 在培训期间，我们需要一套全面的生物和心理社会特征。重新评估了新兵 在警察服务的头两年，与职责有关的重大事件和日常工作环境 压力源，压力源和警察服务之外的支持，以及PTSD症状。我们要求五个 多年的支持，通过三年到七年的警察服务，一个高风险的时间， 累积暴露和离开警察局 更新的主要目的是前瞻性地确定以下预测因素是否可以解释PTSD 在警察服务的前七年的症状：（1）心理社会特征，包括智商，特质 在学院期间评估的解离、先前创伤、家族史、神经质、世界观和特质愤怒 （2）生物标志物，包括唤醒皮质醇、声惊吓、内分泌和心理生理 在学院培训期间评估的对关键事件模拟和腕动记录的反应;（3）暴露于 在警察服务期间评估危及生命的危急事件和创伤周围反应;（4）常规 （5）工作压力、警外负性生活事件和警时社会支持的评定 （6）在警察服务的第3年和第5年期间，工作时间更长，轮班工作， 确定这种关系是否可以用睡眠开始后的觉醒和睡眠持续时间来解释， 腕动记录仪;（7）确定抑郁症状的遗传和行为预测因子， 七年的警察生涯 我们已作好准备进行拟议的研究，这将是最大和最全面的研究 执法部门创伤后压力的风险和复原力因素的前瞻性研究。我们招募了 对四百名新兵进行了全面考核。我们成功地管理了纽约的实验室， 旧金山弗朗西斯科。学院的新兵们慷慨地同意参加密集的测试，包括关键的 事故模拟和冲击增强惊吓测试。我们保留了近84%和82%的到期债务， 分别为一年和两年评估。我们在所有程序中有不到3%的数据缺失， 时间点。第一年的重大事件暴露率很高，95.4%的人报告了重大事件， 近一半涉及个人生命威胁。迄今取得的成果有力地支持了延长的目标。一年后 在警察服务中，PTSD症状的最强预测因素是低智商。和更高水平的特质分离 在学院培训期间进行评估，事件发生时个人生命威胁更大，创伤周围分离 在服务的第一年期间，暴露和更大的日常工作环境压力和负面生活事件。

This is a competitive renewal application for grant RO1 MH 056350-o6 ?Prospective Study of Posttraumatic Stress in Police Officers?. The goal of this research is to advance understanding of risk and resilience factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. We have enrolled 400 police academy recruits assessed on a comprehensive set of biological and psychosocial characteristics during training. Recruits were reassessed during the first two years of police service on duty-related critical incident and routine work environment stressors, stressors and support outside of police service, and PTSD symptoms. We are requesting five years of support to follow our cohort through years three through seven of police service, a time of high risk for cumulative exposure and for leaving police service. The primary aims for the renewal are to determine prospectively if the following predictors explain PTSD symptoms across the first seven years of police service: (1) Psychosocial characteristics including IQ, trait dissociation, prior trauma, family history, neuroticism, worldview and trait anger assessed during academy training; (2) Biomarkers including awakening cortisol, acoustic startle, endocrine and psychophysiological responses to critical incident simulation and actigraphy assessed during academy training; (3) Exposure to life threatening critical incidents and peritraumatic responses assessed during police service; (4)Routine work stress, negative life events outside police service and social support assessed during police service; (5) Genetic polymorphisms; (6) Greater work hours and shift work during years 3 and 5 of police service and determine if this relationship is explained by wake after sleep onset and sleep duration as measured by actigraphy; and (7 ) Determine genetic and behavioral predictors of depression symptoms across the first seven years of police service We are well positioned to conduct the proposed research which will be the largest and most comprehensive prospective study of risk and resilience factors for posttraumatic stress in law enforcement. We have recruited and comprehensively assessed 400 academy recruits. We have successfully managed laboratories in New York and San Francisco. The academy recruits have generously agreed to participate in intensive testing including critical incident simulation and shock enhanced startle testing. We have retained nearly 84% and 82% of those due for one year and two year assessments, respectively. We have less than 3% missing data across all procedures and time points. Rates of critical incident exposure are high in the first year with 95.4 % reporting critical incidents, nearly half involving personal life threat. Results to date strongly support the aims for the renewal. After one year of police service the strongest predictors of PTSD symptoms are lower I.Q. and higher levels of trait dissociation assessed during academy training, greater personal life threat and peritraumatic dissociation at the time of incident exposure, and greater routine work environment stress and negative life events during the first year of service.