Strategies for reducing the impact of implicit stereotyping of Hispanics in recom

描述(由申请人提供)：目前的提案寻求支持关于隐含或无意识的刻板印象在寻求医疗保健的拉美裔人受到不平等待遇方面所起的作用的研究。社会心理学对偏见、刻板印象和歧视的研究表明，虽然许多偏见是有意识和故意的，但偏见的表现往往是无意的，因为人们在内隐或无意识的水平上持有负面态度和刻板印象。因此，隐性偏见可能会渗透到卫生专业人员获取信息、诊断和治疗拉美裔患者的方式中，但隐性偏见的影响也可以通过培训卫生保健提供者来控制他们的隐性偏见，并通过授权拉美裔患者使用策略来消除他们的卫生保健提供者持有的隐性偏见来减轻。这项拟议的研究借鉴了内隐刻板印象的社会心理学研究的基本理论和方法，以实现减少对拉美裔患者偏见的两个广泛目标：首先，两个实验将检查内科和护理专业的学生在多大程度上持有有意识和无意识的负面刻板印象，即拉美裔患者不遵守诊断和治疗建议。两个实验将考察疲劳和认知负荷等因素如何缓和对拉美裔患者的负面刻板印象的内隐激活，以及内隐激活的刻板印象如何中介拉美裔患者的信息获取、诊断和治疗。其次，这项研究将开发和测试文化能力和健康素养的新方法，以减少对拉美裔患者的内隐刻板印象。其中一个项目将测试一个研讨会的有效性，该研讨会旨在向医学和护理专业的学生传授内隐刻板印象的心理学知识，并为他们提供策略，如采取观点、平等主义目标激活，以及收集减少内隐刻板印象激活的反刻板印象信息。另一个项目将测试患者提供的策略的影响，这些策略包括诱导观点采纳、启动平等主义目标以及提供反刻板印象的信息，以减少医疗保健提供者中隐含的刻板印象的激活。这些研究的结果将在理解和减少无意识的刻板印象在提供给拉美裔患者的护理中的作用方面迈出重要的一步。让卫生保健提供者和拉美裔患者参与减少偏见的过程有可能加强卫生保健提供者对文化能力的利用，并提高拉美裔患者对其护理的参与度。这两种结果反过来都可以改善提供者和患者之间的沟通，这将导致对患者更好的诊断和治疗建议，并提高拉美裔患者的健康素养功效。 公共卫生相关性：这个R01奖项将支持关于无意识刻板印象在为在亚利桑那州这样的边境州寻求医疗保健的拉美裔美国人造成健康差距方面所起作用的研究。该奖项将在三年内支持六项研究，研究无意识刻板印象如何渗入卫生专业人员获取信息、诊断和治疗西语裔患者的方式，以及如何通过培训卫生保健提供者控制他们的隐性偏见来减少无意识刻板印象，并授权西语裔患者使用使卫生保健提供者持有的无意识刻板印象失效的策略。))

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current proposal seeks support for research on the role of implicit or unconscious stereotyping in the unequal treatment of Hispanics who seek healthcare. Research in social psychology on prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination shows that while many biases are conscious and deliberate, the expression of bias is often unintentional because people hold negative attitudes and stereotypes at an implicit or unconscious level. Thus, implicit biases may leak into the way health professionals acquire information, diagnose, and treat Hispanic patients, but the impact of implicit bias can also be mitigated by training health care providers to control their implicit biases, and by empowering Hispanic patients to use strategies that will deactivate the implicit biases held by their health care providers. The proposed research translates basic theory and methodology from the social psychological study of implicit stereotyping to achieve two broad goals for reducing bias against Hispanic patients: First, two experiments will examine the degree to which medical and nursing students hold the conscious and unconscious negative stereotype that Hispanic patients do not comply with diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Two experiments will examine how factors like fatigue and cognitive load moderate the implicit activation of the negative stereotype about Hispanic patients, and how the implicit activation of the stereotype mediates the acquisition of information, diagnosis and treatment of a Hispanic patient. Secondly, the research will develop and test new approaches to cultural competency and health literacy that can reduce implicit stereotyping of Hispanic patients. One project will test the effectiveness of a workshop to teach medical and nursing students about the psychology of implicit stereotyping and provide them strategies, like perspective taking, egalitarian goal activation, and collecting counter-stereotypic information that reduce the activation of implicit stereotypes. Another project will test the impact of patient-delivered strategies for inducing perspective taking, priming egalitarian goals, and providing counter-stereotypic information that reduce the activation of implicit stereotypes in a health care provider. The results of these studies will take significant steps toward understanding and reducing the role of unconscious stereotyping in the care provided to Hispanic patients. Involving both health care providers and Hispanic patients in the bias reduction process has the potential to enhance the health care provider's use of cultural competency and improve the Hispanic patient's participation in their care. Both of these outcomes, in turn, can improve communication between provider and patient, which will lead to better diagnosis and treatment recommendations for patients, and enhanced health literacy efficacy in Hispanic patients. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This R01 award will support research on the role that unconscious stereotyping plays in creating health disparities for Hispanics who seek health care in a border state like Arizona. The award will support six studies over three years to examine how unconscious stereotypes leak into the way health professionals acquire information, diagnose, and treat Hispanic patients, and on how unconscious stereotyping can be reduced by training health care providers to control their implicit biases, and by empowering Hispanic patients to use strategies that deactivate the unconscious stereotypes held by health care providers. ) )