Strategies for reducing the impact of implicit stereotyping of Hispanics in recom

描述（由申请人提供）：目前的提案寻求支持研究的作用，隐性或无意识的陈规定型观念在不平等待遇的西班牙裔谁寻求医疗保健。社会心理学对偏见、陈规定型观念和歧视的研究表明，虽然许多偏见是有意识和故意的，但偏见的表达往往是无意的，因为人们在隐含或无意识的层面上持有负面态度和陈规定型观念。因此，隐性偏见可能会泄漏到卫生专业人员获取信息，诊断和治疗西班牙裔患者的方式中，但隐性偏见的影响也可以通过培训医疗保健提供者来控制他们的隐性偏见来减轻，并通过授权西班牙裔患者使用策略来消除他们的医疗保健提供者所持有的隐性偏见。 拟议的研究翻译的基本理论和方法，从社会心理学研究的隐式刻板印象，以实现两个广泛的目标，减少对西班牙裔患者的偏见：首先，两个实验将检查医学和护理专业的学生持有的程度有意识和无意识的负面刻板印象，西班牙裔患者不遵守诊断和治疗建议。两个实验将探讨疲劳和认知负荷等因素如何调节对西班牙裔患者的负面刻板印象的内隐激活，以及刻板印象的内隐激活如何介导西班牙裔患者的信息获取、诊断和治疗。 其次，该研究将开发和测试新的方法，以文化能力和健康素养，可以减少西班牙裔患者的隐性刻板印象。其中一个项目将测试一个工作坊的有效性，该工作坊旨在向医学和护理专业的学生传授内隐刻板印象的心理学知识，并为他们提供策略，如观点采择、平等主义目标激活以及收集减少内隐刻板印象激活的反刻板印象信息。另一个项目将测试患者提供的策略的影响，诱导观点采择，启动平等主义的目标，并提供反刻板印象的信息，减少激活的内隐刻板印象的卫生保健提供者。 这些研究的结果将采取重大步骤，了解和减少无意识的刻板印象的作用，在提供给西班牙裔患者的护理。在减少偏见的过程中，涉及医疗保健提供者和西班牙裔患者有可能提高医疗保健提供者的文化能力的使用，并提高西班牙裔患者在他们的护理参与。反过来，这两种结果都可以改善提供者和患者之间的沟通，这将为患者提供更好的诊断和治疗建议，并提高西班牙裔患者的健康素养。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current proposal seeks support for research on the role of implicit or unconscious stereotyping in the unequal treatment of Hispanics who seek healthcare. Research in social psychology on prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination shows that while many biases are conscious and deliberate, the expression of bias is often unintentional because people hold negative attitudes and stereotypes at an implicit or unconscious level. Thus, implicit biases may leak into the way health professionals acquire information, diagnose, and treat Hispanic patients, but the impact of implicit bias can also be mitigated by training health care providers to control their implicit biases, and by empowering Hispanic patients to use strategies that will deactivate the implicit biases held by their health care providers. The proposed research translates basic theory and methodology from the social psychological study of implicit stereotyping to achieve two broad goals for reducing bias against Hispanic patients: First, two experiments will examine the degree to which medical and nursing students hold the conscious and unconscious negative stereotype that Hispanic patients do not comply with diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Two experiments will examine how factors like fatigue and cognitive load moderate the implicit activation of the negative stereotype about Hispanic patients, and how the implicit activation of the stereotype mediates the acquisition of information, diagnosis and treatment of a Hispanic patient. Secondly, the research will develop and test new approaches to cultural competency and health literacy that can reduce implicit stereotyping of Hispanic patients. One project will test the effectiveness of a workshop to teach medical and nursing students about the psychology of implicit stereotyping and provide them strategies, like perspective taking, egalitarian goal activation, and collecting counter-stereotypic information that reduce the activation of implicit stereotypes. Another project will test the impact of patient-delivered strategies for inducing perspective taking, priming egalitarian goals, and providing counter-stereotypic information that reduce the activation of implicit stereotypes in a health care provider. The results of these studies will take significant steps toward understanding and reducing the role of unconscious stereotyping in the care provided to Hispanic patients. Involving both health care providers and Hispanic patients in the bias reduction process has the potential to enhance the health care provider's use of cultural competency and improve the Hispanic patient's participation in their care. Both of these outcomes, in turn, can improve communication between provider and patient, which will lead to better diagnosis and treatment recommendations for patients, and enhanced health literacy efficacy in Hispanic patients.