Delayed Motor Learning in Autism

自闭症患者运动学习延迟

• 批准号: 8220983
• 负责人: PAUL DIZIO
• 金额: $ 35.66万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-03 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8220983
• 关键词: Accounting; Achievement; Adaptive Behaviors; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Autistic Disorder; Child; Complex; Dependence; Development; Disease; Environment; Evaluation; Failure; Fatigue; Future; Goals; Individual; Learning; Life; Link; Longevity; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Movement; Nature; Occupational Therapy; Outcome; Pathology; Physical activity; Property; Robot; Robotics; Role; Science; Stereotyping; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Uses; Time; Training; Universities; age group; arm; autism spectrum disorder; base; communication behavior; experience; flexibility; grasp; improved; motor deficit; motor learning; neuromuscular system; neuroregulation; novel; public health relevance; research study; skills; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adults who adapt to a perturbing force on their arm produced by a robotic manipulandum later show aftereffects when reaching with the robot deactivated but move accurately if they let go of the robot. This shows that what they learn about how to make goal-directed reaching movements when grasping a robotic manipulandum generating a movement-contingent force does not carry over to reaching without the robot. This is one example of a growing body of evidence indicating that we learn distinct predictive strategies for moving our own arm and for moving external objects, and we use these strategies in an appropriate self/object context. We have recently shown that this context-specific self/object distinction within the motor system is a developmental achievement that appears at about seven years of age in typically developing children. Our studies also show that there is not an absolute maturational time table for the emergence of context-specific self/object motor adaptation because it can be accelerated if appropriate experience is provided. In addition, we have exciting preliminary results from a study of children with high functioning autism (HFA) in which we are finding that they are as capable as typically developing children of learning to compensate for a perturbing robotic manipulandum (object) but are delayed in learning not to carry this over to the free reaching (self) context. Our overall aims are to confirm this preliminary finding in children with HFA and to test a hypothesis about how to accelerate self/object context-specific dynamic motor learning in typically developing children as well as in children with HFA. The outcomes of this project will provide a better understanding of the development of context-specific dynamic motor adaptation in typically developing children, a clearer understanding of motor deficits in autism, and a therapeutic method for enhancing motor learning in children with HFA - especially learning to interact with dynamic objects. A positive outcome will also open future avenues for investigating typical and disordered development of motor interactions between individuals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We will investigate children's capacity separately adjust their neuromotor control to account for their own rapidly changing bodies and for forces imposed by novel external objects. Our studies will include typically developing children, children with autism. The outcomes will be a better understanding of motor development in typically developing children, a clearer understanding of motor deficits in autism and a potential therapy for improving the development of dynamic motor interactions. Strong preliminary results indicate positive outcomes which will open a future avenue for investigating typical and disordered development of motor interactions between individuals.

描述(由申请者提供)：成年人适应了机器人操作装置在手臂上产生的扰动力，当机器人停用时会出现后遗症，但如果他们放开机器人，就会准确地移动。这表明，当他们抓住机器人操作手时，如何做出目标导向的伸手动作--产生运动偶发力量--不会延续到没有机器人的伸手动作。这是越来越多的证据表明我们学会了移动自己的手臂和移动外部物体的不同预测策略的一个例子，我们在适当的自我/物体环境中使用这些策略。我们最近已经证明，运动系统中这种特定于背景的自我/客体区分是一种发展成就，通常在7岁左右出现在发育中的儿童中。我们的研究还表明，对于特定于背景的自我/客体运动适应的出现，没有一个绝对成熟的时间表，因为如果提供适当的经验，它可以加速。此外，我们从一项对高功能自闭症儿童(HFA)的研究中获得了令人兴奋的初步结果，在该研究中，我们发现他们和通常发展中的儿童一样有能力学习补偿扰动的机器人操作指令(物体)，但在学习不将其带入自由到达(自我)的环境中延迟。我们的总体目标是在HFA儿童中证实这一初步发现，并检验关于如何在典型发育中的儿童以及HFA儿童中加速自我/客体背景特定的动态运动学习的假设。该项目的成果将有助于更好地了解典型发育中儿童特定背景下的动态运动适应的发展，更清楚地了解自闭症中的运动缺陷，并提供一种治疗方法，以加强HFA儿童的运动学习--特别是学习与动态物体相互作用。一个积极的结果也将为研究个体之间运动相互作用的典型和无序发展开辟未来的途径。 公共卫生相关性：我们将分别调查儿童的能力，调整他们的神经运动控制，以适应他们自己快速变化的身体和新的外部物体施加的力量。我们的研究将包括典型的发育中儿童，患有自闭症的儿童。结果将是更好地了解典型发育中儿童的运动发育，更清楚地了解自闭症中的运动缺陷，并为改善动态运动相互作用的发展提供潜在的治疗方法。强劲的初步结果表明了积极的结果，这将为研究个体之间运动相互作用的典型和无序发展开辟一条未来的途径。