Administrative Core

行政核心

• 批准号: 8234931
• 负责人: HERBERT W VIRGIN
• 金额: $ 51.29万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8234931
• 关键词: Address; Anthrax disease; Area; Basic Science; Biological; Bioterrorism; Budgets; Child; Clinical; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Commit; Communities; Complex; Core Facility; Country; DNA Viruses; Dengue; Diagnostic; Disaster Planning; Emergency Situation; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Event; Extramural Activities; Face; Funding; Generations; Goals; Government; Health; Immunology; Individual; Infectious Diseases Research; Institution; International; Iowa; Kansas; Laboratories; Lead; Leadership; Link; Lung diseases; Measures; Mission; Missouri; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nebraska; Ohio; Pathogenesis; Pneumonic Plague; Polyomavirus; Poxviridae; Process; Public Health; RNA Viruses; Research; Research Design; Research Infrastructure; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Research Support; Resources; Saints; Scientist; Seminal; Services; Terrorism; Therapeutic; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Translations; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; United States Public Health Service; Universities; Ursidae Family; Vaccines; Virus; Washington; West Nile virus; Work; authority; biodefense; career; design; interest; investigator training; microbial; new therapeutic target; novel diagnostics; novel therapeutics; pathogen; programs; public health research; response; viral DNA; weapons

Introduction: The events of September 11, 2001, and the deliberate bioterrorism attack with anthrax that followed, led to profound changes in the biologic research and public health agenda of the United States. The recognition that the United States was vulnerable to international terrorism, and the tremendous impact that a relatively limited biologic weapons attack had on the nation, resulted in major changes in the research focus of government, academic, and commercial entities. Ml AID understood that the United States lacked the research capacity and infrastructure to respond to the threat posed by biological weapons and emerging infectious diseases. The Regional Centers for Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (RCE) program was a central component of the NIAID response to this threat, and was designed to "jumpstart" research in biodefense within each of the 10 public health service regions of the U.S. In 2003, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis University, the University of Missouri, Case Western Reserve University, and the Midwest Research Institute received funding to establish the Midwest Regional Center for Excellence in Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (MRCE) to support research on biodefense in Region VII (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska) and parts of Ohio. The goals of the MRCE were consonant with the goals of the RCE program: harness the best scientists in the region for discovery and translational research designed to lead to the next generation of therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines for biological threats; provide training and career support to create a new generation of scientists working in this field; establish core facilities to support researchers throughout the region; and develop an emergency response plan that can rapidly bring to bear our scientific expertise and research capacity in the event of any new biological threat to the region, the nation or the world. Over the past 5 years the MRCE has made significant progress towards each of those goals, and we will detail our accomplishments in subsequent sections. Given the scope of the program, and our aspirations, it is not surprising that much remains to be done. While the fundamental goals of the MRCE remain the same, this competitive renewal is built upon a research landscape that has been transformed by the RCE program. When we prepared the MRCE proposal 5 years ago, there was strength in basic immunology and in microbial pathogenesis research at the partner institutions, but relatively little was focused on the NIAID priority pathogens. Research collaborations between the MRCE partner institutions did not exist on any substantive level, and even intra-institutional collaborations in this research area were limited. There was no pipeline of young scientists and clinicians interested in research careers in biodefense, and there were no established biosafety training programs within the region. The MRCE now coordinates and supports a vibrant, highly collaborative and closely integrated group that has become the face of biodefense and emerging infectious diseases research throughout most of Region VII. MRCE programs have created a pool of talented young investigators interested in biodefense and emerging infectious diseases research. We have trained nearly 100 individuals to work safely at BSL3, and have educated investigators and public health officials throughout the country. The MRCE has responded to three separate regional emergencies, and has become an integral part of the disaster planning process for a significant part of our region. We have more than doubled the number of participating institutions, and have supported researchers from 10 different academic or industrial organizations. Most importantly, MRCE investigators made seminal basic science and translational discoveries leading to new therapeutic targets for West Nile, Dengue fever, pneumonic plague, Ebola, poxviruses, and a wide sector of RNA and DNA viruses (section A.3). We also initiated a pioneering collaborative effort in pathogen discovery and assessment that led to the recognition of 7 new viruses, one of which (WU polyomavirus), may be an important cause of respiratory disease in children. In our original application 5 years ago, we discussed how one could best assess the impact of a complex and wide ranging program like the MRCE on the research effort in Region VII. We proposed then that the most objective measure would be the change in extramural funding for biodefense and EID research in Region VII (excluding MRCE funds) during the course of the MRCE program. Since 2002, (the baseline pre-MRCE year) total extramural funding for biodefense and EID research (excluding MRCE and regional laboratory allocations) in Region VII has increased more than 2.5 fold, with the greatest increases in 2006 and 2007 despite a flat NIH budget. We believe the MRCE program has had a significant impact on Region VII and the nation, and are committed to continuing this important work.

简介：2001年9月11日的事件，以及蓄意利用炭疽菌发动的生物恐怖主义袭击 随后，导致了美国生物研究和公共卫生议程的深刻变化。这个 认识到美国很容易受到国际恐怖主义的影响，以及 相对有限的生物武器袭击对国家产生了影响，导致了研究重点的重大变化 政府、学术和商业实体。ML AID了解到美国缺乏这项研究 应对生物武器和新出现的传染性疾病所构成威胁的能力和基础设施 疾病。生物防御和新发传染病研究区域卓越中心 (RCE)计划是NIAID应对这一威胁的核心组成部分，旨在“迅速启动” 2003年美国10个公共卫生服务区内的生物防御研究，华盛顿 圣路易斯大学、圣路易斯大学、密苏里大学、凯斯西储大学、 中西部研究所获得了建立中西部区域中心的资金 卓越的生物防御和新发传染病研究(MRCE)，以支持 第七区(爱荷华州、堪萨斯州、密苏里州和内布拉斯加州)和俄亥俄州部分地区的生物防御。MRCE的目标 与RCE计划的目标一致：利用该地区最好的科学家进行发现和 旨在引导下一代治疗、诊断和疫苗的转译研究 生物威胁；提供培训和职业支持，以培养在这方面工作的新一代科学家 ；建立核心设施以支持整个区域的研究人员；并制定紧急情况 响应计划，可以在发生任何情况时迅速发挥我们的科学专业知识和研究能力 对该地区、国家或世界构成新的生物威胁。 在过去的5年里，MRCE在实现每一个目标方面都取得了重大进展，我们将 我们的成就将在后面的章节中详细介绍。鉴于该计划的范围和我们的抱负，它是 不足为奇的是，仍有许多工作要做。虽然MRCE的基本目标保持不变，但这 竞争性更新建立在RCE计划已经改变的研究格局之上。什么时候 我们在5年前准备了MRCE提案，在基础免疫学和微生物方面有很强的实力 伙伴机构的发病机制研究，但相对较少关注NIAID优先 病原体。MRCE伙伴机构之间的研究合作不存在任何实质性的 在这一研究领域，甚至机构内部的合作也是有限的。没有一条管道 年轻的科学家和临床医生对生物防御的研究生涯感兴趣，而且还没有确定的 该区域内的生物安全培训计划。 MRCE现在协调和支持一个充满活力、高度协作和紧密整合的小组，该小组具有 成为生物防御和新发传染病研究的代言人，覆盖了整个第七区域的大部分地区。 MRCE项目培养了一批对生物防御和新兴市场感兴趣的有才华的年轻研究人员 传染病研究。我们已经培训了近100名人员在BSL3安全工作，并已 全国各地受过教育的调查人员和公共卫生官员。MRCE已经对三个问题做出了回应 独立的区域紧急情况，并已成为#年灾害规划进程的组成部分 是我们地区的重要组成部分。我们将参与机构的数量增加了一倍多，并 支持来自10个不同学术或行业组织的研究人员。最重要的是，MRCE 研究人员做出了开创性的基础科学和翻译发现，导致了新的治疗靶点 西尼罗河、登革热、肺鼠疫、埃博拉、痘病毒以及广泛的RNA和DNA病毒 (第A.3条)。我们还在病原体发现和评估方面发起了一项开创性的合作努力，导致 要认识到7种新病毒，其中一种(吴多瘤病毒)可能是引起呼吸道疾病的重要原因 儿童的疾病。 在5年前的最初应用程序中，我们讨论了如何最好地评估复杂和 范围广泛的项目，如MRCE在第七区域的研究工作。我们当时提出的最 客观的衡量标准将是第七区生物防御和EID研究的外部资金的变化 (不包括MRCE资金)在MRCE计划期间。自2002年以来(MRCE之前的基准年) 用于生物防御和EID研究的外部资金总额(不包括MRCE和区域实验室拨款) 第七区增加了2.5倍以上，2006年和2007年增幅最大，尽管NIH持平 预算。我们认为，MRCE计划对第七地区和全国产生了重大影响，并 致力于继续这项重要的工作。