CIRCUIT MECHANISMS SHAPING OLFACTORY CORTICAL RESPONSES DURING PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

塑造被动和主动期间嗅觉皮质反应的电路机制

• 批准号: 8035711
• 负责人: Anne-Marie Michelle Oswald
• 金额: $ 14.79万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-01 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8035711
• 关键词: Animals; Architecture; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Complex; Coupled; Data; Discrimination; Disease; Environment; Equilibrium; Frequencies; Goals; Human; Image; In Vitro; Interneurons; Knowledge; Lateral; Link; Mediating; Memory; Mental Depression; Neurons; Odors; Olfactory Cortex; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Olfactory tract; Parkinson Disease; Patients; Pattern; Physiological; Play; Population; Process; Property; Recruitment Activity; Research; Respiration; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Sensory Process; Shapes; Stimulus; Synapses; Synaptic plasticity; System; Testing; Training; Work; information processing; innovation; neural circuit; novel; olfactory bulb; postsynaptic; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory; response; sensory system; spatiotemporal

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A central issue in sensory research is understanding how behaviorally relevant stimuli are represented in the activity of neural networks. In this proposal, we explore the links between the function of neuronal circuits and behavior in the olfactory system. When animals encounter a novel odorant or environment they quickly transition from passive respiration to active sniffing. In humans, impaired sniffing in Parkinson's patients leads to olfactory task deficits. Although sniffing is proposed to play an important role in the formation of olfactory percepts, it is not known how cortical networks process information acquired during sniffing. The experiments we describe in this proposal investigate the cellular and circuit-level mechanisms that produce dynamic cortical response patterns that are reflective of input obtained during passive respiration versus active sniffing. Our preliminary data suggests that short-term synaptic plasticity in olfactory bulb inputs and local interneuron microcircuits act synergistically to produce differential cortical population responses during passive respiration versus active sniffing. We will use a combination of in vitro calcium imaging and simultaneous, multi-neuron, electrophysiological recording to elucidate the roles of synaptic plasticity and circuit architecture in shaping cortical responses. Such a mechanistic and detailed analysis olfactory cortical circuitry will provide an important framework for understanding how olfactory information is processed during passive and active behavioral states. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Despite years of research, and considerable progress in understanding how the brain represents sensory information, direct links between sensory input, neural activity and behavior remain elusive. Sniffing is a well-known behavior in humans and animals and a single sniff provides a snapshot of the olfactory world. Impaired sniffing due to disease can result in olfactory perceptual deficits. The experiments in this proposal investigate the microcircuit mechanisms by which behaviorally relevant patterns of olfactory input during sniffing are reflected in the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical neural activity. Such studies are critical for understanding how sensory input is transformed during cortical processing to form salient percepts and behavioral responses.

描述（由申请人提供）：感官研究的一个中心问题是理解行为相关刺激如何在神经网络的活动中表现出来。在这个提议中，我们探索了嗅觉系统中神经元回路功能和行为之间的联系。当动物遇到新的气味或环境时，它们会迅速从被动呼吸转变为主动嗅闻。在人类中，帕金森病患者的嗅觉受损会导致嗅觉任务缺陷。虽然嗅闻被认为在嗅觉感知的形成中起着重要作用，但目前还不知道皮层网络如何处理嗅闻过程中获得的信息。我们在本提案中描述的实验研究了产生动态皮层反应模式的细胞和电路水平机制，这些反应模式反映了被动呼吸与主动嗅探期间获得的输入。我们的初步数据表明，短期突触可塑性嗅球输入和本地interneuron微电路协同作用，产生差异的皮质人口的反应，在被动呼吸与主动嗅探。我们将使用体外钙成像和同步多神经元电生理记录的组合来阐明突触可塑性和回路结构在塑造皮层反应中的作用。这样一个机制和详细的分析嗅觉皮层回路将提供一个重要的框架，了解嗅觉信息是如何处理在被动和主动行为状态。 公共卫生相关性：尽管经过多年的研究，在理解大脑如何表达感官信息方面取得了相当大的进展，但感官输入，神经活动和行为之间的直接联系仍然难以捉摸。嗅闻是人类和动物的一种众所周知的行为，一次嗅闻提供了嗅觉世界的快照。由于疾病而导致的嗅觉受损会导致嗅觉感知缺陷。在这个建议中的实验研究的微电路机制，嗅觉输入的行为相关的模式在嗅探过程中反映在皮层神经活动的时空模式。这些研究对于理解感觉输入在皮层处理过程中如何转化以形成显著感知和行为反应至关重要。