Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antispore paints

描述(申请人提供)：抗菌涂料和涂料的需求迅速增长，以提高住宅、商业、机构和工业应用中的微生物质量，从而控制霉菌的生长和/或降低与医疗保健相关的感染或社区获得性感染的风险。市面上的一些涂料产品声称具有“抗菌”功能。然而，目前的产品存在着明显的不足，包括抗菌活性较弱，微生物产生耐药性的风险，以及一旦涂抹了涂料就难以监测和扩展抗菌功能。为了解决这些问题，在这个拟议的项目中，我们将使用聚合物N-卤胺作为抗菌添加剂，对细菌(包括耐药物种)、霉菌和其他真菌物种、病毒和孢子起到杀菌作用。N-卤胺是一种含有一个或多个氮-卤素共价键的化合物。N-卤胺具有与次氯酸盐漂白剂类似的抗菌效果，但它们更稳定，没有腐蚀性，没有微生物耐药性的报道，而且生成卤代烃的趋势要小得多。在我们的技术中，我们实验室开发的一种新的N-卤胺单体--N-氯-2，2，6，6-四甲基-4-哌啶基丙烯酸酯(CI-TMPA)将进行聚合，以制备聚合物N-卤胺乳液。在传统的水性乳胶漆中加入少量这样的乳液，新涂料将能够对各种微生物具有强大的抗菌活性。在正常使用的情况下，抗菌活性预计将持续到涂料的使用寿命。具有挑战性的条件(例如，重土壤、洪水等)可能会消耗更多的氯，从而缩短抗菌时间。然而，新涂料的抗菌功能可以很容易地通过简单的碘化钾/淀粉测试来监测。也就是说，聚合物N-卤胺会与碘化钾反应，与淀粉生成深蓝色。因此，这项测试确定该涂料是否仍具有抗菌功能。如果显示失去了抗菌功能，可以通过用稀释的次氯酸盐漂白剂擦拭表面来恢复聚合物的N-卤胺结构，以补充失去的氯并再生抗菌功能。根据需要，可以重复充电。如果成功，这项技术将提供一种创新的方法，在广泛的应用中保护高接触、高风险的表面，这将对健康产生广泛和重大的影响。这项第一阶段研究的目的是在项目继续和扩大之前确定新方法的可行性和有效性。拟议研究的具体目标是：(1)创造聚合物N-卤胺乳胶乳液；(2)将聚合物N-卤胺乳胶乳液与具有商业价值的乳胶漆混合，并表征所开发的新涂料的物理性能、抗菌性能和生物相容性；以及(3)初步确定新方法的成本。 与公众健康相关：新涂料的独特功能包括对细菌、霉菌和其他真菌种类、病毒和孢子具有广泛的抗菌谱，易于监测抗菌活性，如果抗菌功能意外丧失，N-卤胺的可充电性，以及微生物耐药性的低风险。这些优点使新型聚合物N-卤胺抗菌涂料成为住宅、商业、机构、工业和其他相关设施中保护高接触、高风险表面的有吸引力的候选材料。这项STTRI期研究将作为项目继续和扩大的基础，并最终将产品商业化，以改善各种环境表面的微生物质量，这将对健康产生广泛和重大的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a fast growing need for antimicrobial paints and coatings to improve microbial quality in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial applications so as to control the growth of mold and/or reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections or community-acquired infections. A number of paint products on the market claim "antimicrobial" functions. However, the current products have significant shortfalls, including weak antimicrobial activities, risk of microbial resistance, and difficulty in monitoring and extending the antimicrobial functions once the paints are applied. To solve these problems, in this proposed project, we will use polymeric N-halamines, a class of widely used water and food disinfectants, as antimicrobial additives to provide biocidal effects against bacteria (including drug-resistant species), mold and other fungi species, viruses, and spores. An N-halamine is a compound containing one or more nitrogen-halogen covalent bonds. N-halamines have similar antimicrobial efficacy as hypochlorite bleach, but they are much more stable, none corrosive, with no reported cases of microbial resistance, and have a much less tendency to generate halogenated hydrocarbons. In our technology, a new N-halamine monomer developed in our lab, N-chloro-2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl acrylate (Cl-TMPA), will be polymerized to produce polymeric N-halamine latex emulsions. On adding a small amount of such emulsions into conventional water-based latex paint, the new paint will be able to provide potent antimicrobial activities against various microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity is anticipated to last for the lifetime of the paint under normal use. Challenging conditions (e.g., heavy soil, flooding, etc.) may consume more chlorine and thus shorten the antimicrobial duration. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial function of the new paints can be easily monitored by a simple potassium iodine/starch test. That is, polymeric N-halmines will react with potassium iodine to generate a dark blue color with starch. Thus, this test determines whether the paint still provides antimicrobial functions. If it shows that the antimicrobial function is lost, the polymeric N-halamine structures can be resumed by wiping the surface with diluted hypochlorite bleach to recharge the lost chlorine and regenerate the antimicrobial functions. The recharging can be repeated as needed. If successful, this technology will provide an innovative approach to protect high-touch, high-risk surfaces in a wide range of applications, which will have a broad and significant impact on health. This STTR Phase I study is designed to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of the new approach before continuation and expansion of the project. The specific aims of the proposed research are to: (1) create polymeric N-halamine latex emulsions; (2) mix the polymeric N-halamine latex emulsions with commercially important latex paints, and characterize the physical properties, antimicrobial performance, and biocompatibility of the new paints developed; and (3) preliminarily determine the cost of the new approach. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The unique features of the new paints include the broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, mold and other fungi species, viruses, and spores, the ease in monitoring the antimicrobial activity, the rechargability of N-halamines if the antimicrobial function is accidentally lost, and the low risk of microbial resistance. These advantages make the new polymeric N-halamine-based antimicrobial paints an attractive candidate for protecting high-touch, high-risk surfaces in residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, and other related facilities. This STTR Phase I research will serve as the foundation for continuation and expansion of the project and finally commercialize the products to improve the microbial quality of a wide range of environmental surfaces, and this will have a broad and significant impact on health.