Source-Filter Interaction in Speech

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究解决了已经存在了半个多世纪的语音产生理论，即源过滤器理论的改进。它通常用于声学语音学和描述语音和言语障碍。它还广泛用于语音处理，以将声源与声音谐振器分离。语音产生研究的最新进展，主要是计算机模拟，已经表明，在喉（声门气流）的主要声源可以受到从声道向后传播到喉的声压的高度影响。反馈的相互作用可以干扰声带振动，产生音高跳跃，次谐波频率，甚至混乱。它还可以影响发声阈值压力，使其更容易或更难自我维持声带振荡。这项研究的意义在于，某些通常被称为嗓音障碍的声音质量可能是人类声音正常库存的一部分。具体目标是（1）确定声音强度是否会受到声源-滤波器相互作用（SFI）的影响，（2）发现哪些声道配置导致最大的相互作用，（3）验证或无效称为逆滤波的过程，据称该过程 分离源特性和滤波器特性，以及（4）确定老化男声中的发声不稳定性是否与SFI有关。人类志愿者和计算机模拟将以结构化的方式来量化和解释SFI的性质。 公共卫生相关性：语音产生涉及声音的产生和声音的增强。喉是主要的发声器官，气道（声道）是共鸣器。传统上认为，这两个功能（和控制）独立，一个产生音高，响度和音质，而另一个产生元音和辅音。本研究探讨了这种独立性是否始终存在。气道结构（形状）可能会影响喉部声音的产生，产生响度和音高变化，以及被视为粗糙和控制不确定性的不稳定性。其中一些不稳定性在衰老的声音中观察到。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research addresses refinement of a theory of speech production that has existed for more than half a century, the source-filter theory. It is used routinely in acoustic phonetics and in the description of voice and speech disorders. It is also used extensively in speech processing to separate sound sources from sound resonators. Recent advances in speech production research, primarily with computer simulation, have shown that the primary sound source in the larynx (glottal airflow) can be highly influenced by acoustic pressures propagating backwards from the vocal tract to the larynx. The feedback interaction can disturb vocal fold vibration, producing pitch jumps, subharmonic frequencies, or even chaos. It can also affect the phonation threshold pressure, making it either more easy or more difficult to self-sustain vocal fold oscillation. The significance of the research is that cerain vocal sound qualities, often labeled as voice disorders, may be part of a normal inventory of human sounds. Specific aims are (1) to determine if vocal intensity can be affected by source-filter interaction (SFI), (2) to discover which vocal tract configurations lead to the greatest interactions, (3) to validate or invalidate a procedure known as inverse-filtering, which allegedly separates the source characteristics from filter characteristics, and (4) to determine if vocal instabilities in the aging male voice are related to SFI. Human volunteers and computer simulation will be used in a structured way to quantify and explain the nature of SFI. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Speech production involves both creation of sound and reinforcement of sound. The larynx is the primary sound producing organ, and the airway (vocal tract) is the resonator. It has traditionally been assumed that the two function (and are controlled) independently, one producing pitch, loudness, and voice quality while the other produces vowels and consonants. It is investigated in this research whether or not this independence always exists. The airway structure (shape) may influence the production of sound in the larynx, creating loudness and pitch changes, as well as instabilities that are perceived as roughness and uncertainty in control. Some of these instabilities are observed in aging voices.