Voice Source and Airway Interation in Normal and Hyperfunctional Speech

项目摘要/摘要 嗓音障碍的严重程度通常用喉部声源的粗糙度来描述。 已经进行了大量的研究来描述和量化这种粗糙度，包括知觉、声学和 视觉成像方法。虽然这些方法提供了对 无序的系统，他们很少谈论导致这一结果的内部系统相互作用。自我- 呼吸道中持续的声带振动是高度交互(非线性)过程的一个例子，它具有 自我组织的能力。如果相互作用足够强，能量在相互之间双向流动 组件，一个结构上杂乱无章的系统可以变成功能上有组织的系统。两个不对称的声音 具有独立和无关自然振动模式的褶皱可以将它们的组合运动同步为 只要允许能量在它们之间流动。因此，耦合振荡器中的同步成为一种 自组织物理学和生物学的重要组成部分。新的机会将为临床医生打开 对受损的发声系统进行重组或重新编程。 第一个目标是改进语音模拟器VoxInSilico的计算流体动力学。 不对称3D声门(声带之间的空隙)的关键形状将被检查，包括 声带内侧表面有多种接触模式。然后，关键形状将定义 气流通道，将为其导出等压线等高线。保持速度和保真度 对等压线进行计算，建立解析近似，以便进行内插 在以后的时间相关模拟期间，在声门循环中的时间步长之间。等压线的进一步验证 将通过物理模型的三维计算机辅助设计(CAD)获得等高线 声门形状。将放置压力水龙头，以便可以在日冕和 水平面。 第二个目标是探索具有改良的呼吸道结构的不对称声带的同步性 在声带上方。临床上被称为功能亢进的情况将被解决。喉部和 声道的咽部区域将有系统地变宽和变窄，以减少和增加 源-过滤器交互。发声效率和周期测量将与非交互基线进行比较 案子。 剩下的两个目标是解决连接语音中的源-过滤器交互，其中两个韵律 发音也是不断变化的。声压级和基频等值线(SPL-fo)，AS 以及元音空间(F1-F2)中的轮廓将从成年说话者那里使用LIMITED、NORMAL和 高调的讲话手势。谐波NFO和共振峰F1和F2之间的同步将是 下定决心。对发声效率和发声周期进行比较。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The severity of voice disorders is often described in terms of roughness in the laryngeal sound source. Much research has been undertaken to describe and quantify this roughness with perceptual, acoustic, and visual imaging methodologies. While these approaches provide a useful description of the final outcome of a disordered system, they say little about the internal system interactions that lead to this outcome. Self- sustained vocal fold vibration in an airway is an example of a highly interactive (nonlinear) process that has the ability to self-organize. If interaction is strong enough, with energy flowing bi-directionally between components, a structurally disorganized system can become functionally organized. Two asymmetric vocal folds with independent and unrelated natural vibration patterns can synchronize their combined motions as long as energy is allowed to flow between them. Thus, synchronization in coupled oscillators has become an important part of the physics and biology of self-organization. New opportunities will open up for clinicians who re-structure or re-program an impaired vocal system. The first aim is designed to improve the computational fluid dynamics of the voice simulator VoxInSilico. Critical shapes of an asymmetrical 3D glottis (airspace between the vocal folds) will be examined that include a variety of contact patterns on the medial surfaces of the vocal folds. The critical shapes will then define the airflow channels, for which isobar contour lines will be derived. To maintain both speed and fidelity of computation, analytical approximations will be developed for the isobars so that interpolations can be made between time steps in a glottal cycle during later time-dependent simulations. Further validation of the isobar contours will be obtained with three-dimensional computer assisted design (CAD) of physical models of the glottal shapes. Pressure taps will be placed so that gradients of pressure can be determined in coronal and horizontal planes. The second aim is to explore synchronization for asymmetric vocal folds with modified airway structures above the vocal folds. The clinical condition known as hyper-function will be addressed. The laryngeal and pharyngeal regions of the vocal tract will be systematically widened and narrowed for decreased and increased source-filter interaction. Vocal efficiency and periodicity measures will be compared to non-interactive baseline cases. The remaining two aims address source-filter interaction in connected speech, where both prosodics and articulation vary continuously. Contours for sound pressure level and fundamental frequency (SPL- fo), as well as contours in vowel space (F1 - F2), will be obtained from adult speakers using limited, normal, and heightened speech gestures. Synchronization between harmonics nfo and formants F1 and F2 will be determined. Vocal efficiency and periodicity will be compared.