Voice Source and Airway Interation in Normal and Hyperfunctional Speech

项目概要/摘要 声音障碍的严重程度通常用喉部声源的粗糙度来描述。 已经进行了大量研究来通过感知、听觉和听觉来描述和量化这种粗糙度。 视觉成像方法。虽然这些方法提供了对最终结果的有用描述 对于无序系统，他们很少谈论导致这种结果的内部系统相互作用。自我 气道中持续的声带振动是高度交互（非线性）过程的一个例子，该过程具有 自组织能力。如果相互作用足够强，能量在两者之间双向流动 组件，结构上无组织的系统可以变得功能上有组织。两人声音不对称 具有独立且不相关的自然振动模式的褶皱可以将它们的组合运动同步为 只要允许能量在它们之间流动。因此，耦合振荡器的同步已成为一种 自组织物理学和生物学的重要组成部分。将为临床医生带来新的机会 重新构建或重新编程受损的发声系统。 第一个目标是改进语音模拟器 VoxInSilico 的计算流体动力学。 将检查不对称 3D 声门（声带之间的空气空间）的关键形状，其中包括 声带内侧表面上的各种接触模式。关键形状将定义 气流通道，将为其导出等压线轮廓线。为了保持速度和保真度 计算，将为等压线开发解析近似，以便可以进行插值 在以后的时间相关模拟期间声门周期中的时间步之间。等压线的进一步验证 轮廓将通过物理模型的三维计算机辅助设计（CAD）获得 声门形状。将放置测压口，以便可以确定冠状和冠状区域的压力梯度。 水平面。 第二个目标是探索不对称声带与改良气道结构的同步 位于声带上方。被称为机能亢进的临床病症将得到解决。喉部和 声道的咽部区域将系统地变宽和变窄，以减少和增加 源-过滤器相互作用。声音效率和周期性测量将与非交互式基线进行比较 案例。 其余两个目标解决连接语音中的源过滤器交互，其中两个韵律 和发音不断变化。声压级和基频 (SPL-fo) 的等值线，如 以及元音空间 (F1 - F2) 中的轮廓，将使用有限的、正常的和 增强的言语手势。谐波 nfo 与共振峰 F1 和 F2 之间的同步将是 确定。将比较发声效率和周期性。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The severity of voice disorders is often described in terms of roughness in the laryngeal sound source. Much research has been undertaken to describe and quantify this roughness with perceptual, acoustic, and visual imaging methodologies. While these approaches provide a useful description of the final outcome of a disordered system, they say little about the internal system interactions that lead to this outcome. Self- sustained vocal fold vibration in an airway is an example of a highly interactive (nonlinear) process that has the ability to self-organize. If interaction is strong enough, with energy flowing bi-directionally between components, a structurally disorganized system can become functionally organized. Two asymmetric vocal folds with independent and unrelated natural vibration patterns can synchronize their combined motions as long as energy is allowed to flow between them. Thus, synchronization in coupled oscillators has become an important part of the physics and biology of self-organization. New opportunities will open up for clinicians who re-structure or re-program an impaired vocal system. The first aim is designed to improve the computational fluid dynamics of the voice simulator VoxInSilico. Critical shapes of an asymmetrical 3D glottis (airspace between the vocal folds) will be examined that include a variety of contact patterns on the medial surfaces of the vocal folds. The critical shapes will then define the airflow channels, for which isobar contour lines will be derived. To maintain both speed and fidelity of computation, analytical approximations will be developed for the isobars so that interpolations can be made between time steps in a glottal cycle during later time-dependent simulations. Further validation of the isobar contours will be obtained with three-dimensional computer assisted design (CAD) of physical models of the glottal shapes. Pressure taps will be placed so that gradients of pressure can be determined in coronal and horizontal planes. The second aim is to explore synchronization for asymmetric vocal folds with modified airway structures above the vocal folds. The clinical condition known as hyper-function will be addressed. The laryngeal and pharyngeal regions of the vocal tract will be systematically widened and narrowed for decreased and increased source-filter interaction. Vocal efficiency and periodicity measures will be compared to non-interactive baseline cases. The remaining two aims address source-filter interaction in connected speech, where both prosodics and articulation vary continuously. Contours for sound pressure level and fundamental frequency (SPL- fo), as well as contours in vowel space (F1 - F2), will be obtained from adult speakers using limited, normal, and heightened speech gestures. Synchronization between harmonics nfo and formants F1 and F2 will be determined. Vocal efficiency and periodicity will be compared.