Voice Source and Airway Interation in Normal and Hyperfunctional Speech

项目总结/摘要 嗓音障碍的严重程度通常用喉声源的粗糙度来描述。 已经进行了大量的研究来描述和量化这种粗糙度与感知，声学， 视觉成像方法。虽然这些方法提供了一个有用的描述的最终结果， 虽然他们认为这是一个无序的系统，但他们很少提到导致这一结果的内部系统相互作用。自我 气道中持续的声带振动是高度交互（非线性）过程的一个例子， 自我组织的能力。如果相互作用足够强， 一个结构上混乱的系统可以变成功能上有组织的系统。两个不对称的声乐 具有独立和不相关的自然振动模式的褶皱可以同步它们的组合运动， 只要允许能量在它们之间流动因此，耦合振荡器中的同步已经成为一种新的方法。 是自组织物理学和生物学的重要组成部分。新的机会将为临床医生开放， 重新构造或重新编程受损的发声系统。 第一个目的是为了提高语音模拟器VoxInSilico的计算流体动力学。 将检查非对称3D声门（声带之间的空域）的临界形状，其包括 声带内侧面的接触方式多样。然后，关键形状将定义 气流通道，将导出等压线。为了保持速度和保真度， 计算，分析近似将被开发的等压线，使插值可以作出 在稍后的时间依赖性模拟期间声门循环中的时间步长之间。等压线的进一步验证 轮廓将获得三维计算机辅助设计（CAD）的物理模型， 声门形状将放置测压孔，以便可以确定冠状面和 水平面 第二个目的是探索不对称声带与气道结构的改进同步 在声带上方被称为功能亢进的临床状况将得到解决。喉部和 声道的咽部区域将系统地变宽和变窄， 源过滤器交互。发声效率和周期性指标将与非交互式基线进行比较 例 剩下的两个目标是解决连接语音中的源过滤器交互，其中两个韵律 和清晰度不断变化。声压级和基频（SPL- fo）等值线，如 以及元音空间（F1 - F2）的轮廓，将从成年人使用有限的，正常的， 提高了说话的姿态。谐波nfo与共振峰F1和F2之间的同步将是 测定将比较发声效率和周期性。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The severity of voice disorders is often described in terms of roughness in the laryngeal sound source. Much research has been undertaken to describe and quantify this roughness with perceptual, acoustic, and visual imaging methodologies. While these approaches provide a useful description of the final outcome of a disordered system, they say little about the internal system interactions that lead to this outcome. Self- sustained vocal fold vibration in an airway is an example of a highly interactive (nonlinear) process that has the ability to self-organize. If interaction is strong enough, with energy flowing bi-directionally between components, a structurally disorganized system can become functionally organized. Two asymmetric vocal folds with independent and unrelated natural vibration patterns can synchronize their combined motions as long as energy is allowed to flow between them. Thus, synchronization in coupled oscillators has become an important part of the physics and biology of self-organization. New opportunities will open up for clinicians who re-structure or re-program an impaired vocal system. The first aim is designed to improve the computational fluid dynamics of the voice simulator VoxInSilico. Critical shapes of an asymmetrical 3D glottis (airspace between the vocal folds) will be examined that include a variety of contact patterns on the medial surfaces of the vocal folds. The critical shapes will then define the airflow channels, for which isobar contour lines will be derived. To maintain both speed and fidelity of computation, analytical approximations will be developed for the isobars so that interpolations can be made between time steps in a glottal cycle during later time-dependent simulations. Further validation of the isobar contours will be obtained with three-dimensional computer assisted design (CAD) of physical models of the glottal shapes. Pressure taps will be placed so that gradients of pressure can be determined in coronal and horizontal planes. The second aim is to explore synchronization for asymmetric vocal folds with modified airway structures above the vocal folds. The clinical condition known as hyper-function will be addressed. The laryngeal and pharyngeal regions of the vocal tract will be systematically widened and narrowed for decreased and increased source-filter interaction. Vocal efficiency and periodicity measures will be compared to non-interactive baseline cases. The remaining two aims address source-filter interaction in connected speech, where both prosodics and articulation vary continuously. Contours for sound pressure level and fundamental frequency (SPL- fo), as well as contours in vowel space (F1 - F2), will be obtained from adult speakers using limited, normal, and heightened speech gestures. Synchronization between harmonics nfo and formants F1 and F2 will be determined. Vocal efficiency and periodicity will be compared.