Plant-based diets and risk of cancer

植物性饮食与癌症风险

• 批准号: 8338810
• 负责人: GARY E. FRASER
• 金额: $ 99.99万
• 依托单位: LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-26 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8338810
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adipose tissue; Age; American; Asians; Aspirate substance; Attention; Biological; Biological Markers; Calibration; Canada; Canned Foods; Categories; Colon; Colorectal Cancer; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Data; Detection; Diet; Diet Habits; Dietary Practices; Dietary Questionnaires; Dietary intake; Eating; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Flavones; Food; Frequencies; Geographic state; Goals; Health; Hormone Receptor; Hour; Intake; Investigation; Isoflavones; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Manuscripts; Measurement; Measures; Meat; Medical History; Methods; Modification; Names; Newsletter; Nutrient; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Organ; Physical activity; Phytochemical; Plants; Plasma; Population; Population Study; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Process; Production; Prostate; Province; Publishing; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Regression Analysis; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Social Class; Source; Soy Foods; Structure; Study Subject; Testing; Time; Tomatoes; Translating; Urine; Vegetables; Vitamins; Work; base; cancer risk; cohort; cost effective; cruciferous vegetable; demographics; experience; fruits and vegetables; improved; indexing; innovation; killings; long chain fatty acid; malignant breast neoplasm; member; neoplasm registry; preference; red meat consumption; soy; subcutaneous

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Between 2002-2007 we assembled a large cohort (N= 96,000) named Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). The cohort contains 25,000 Black subjects, and also has a broad representation from all social classes, from all 50 states of the U.S. and all provinces and territories of Canada. About 45% are vegetarian, but another 25% on average consume 139 gm of meat per day. Thus a very important feature is a wide range of dietary habits. The main goals of this work are to first evaluate associations between plant-based compared to omnivorous diets on risks of colorectal, breast and prostate cancers, as previous work suggests that these exist. Next to focus on nutrients, phytochemicals, vitamins and food groups that differ between these dietary patterns, including red meat, tomatoes, dairy foods, cruciferous vegetables, isoflavones, long-chain fatty acids, and others. This population has a relatively high intake of most fruits and vegetables, a consumption of soy that approaches Asian levels, and has both high intake and high adipose levels of n-3 fatty acids. Many key dietary exposures in this population appear to have a variance that is 1.5- 3 times that of other well-known study populations. This translates to the statistical power of a population 1.5--3 times the nominal size of AHS-2, indicating that this is very cost-effective research. Each study member has completed a 50 page questionnaire that covers diet in detail, also medical history, physical activity, female history, and demographics. A large and comprehensive calibration study of 1011 representative subjects has been formed to validate the estimation of dietary intake, and also to facilitate measurement error correction in regression analyses. Data collected from calibration study subjects includes 6 carefully timed 24-hour dietary recalls, a second food frequency questionnaire, two one week physical activity recalls, and an unusually rich group of biological samples from which to estimate biomarkers: serum, plasma, buffy coat, RBCs, an overnight urine, and a subcutaneous fat aspirate. For measurement error correction, traditional regression calibration will be used, as well as an innovative recently published biomarker-guided calibration method. As required for this, we have estimated a large number of biomarkers of intake from the calibration study data. Many correlations with dietary recalls are relatively high-valued. The validity of questionnaire dietary indices (compared to recalls) is also in keeping with the best experience of others. Incident cancers are found by matching with state cancer registries, and also from biennial questionnaires as a secondary source. Initial estimates suggest we will miss only 2.5% of these cancers. The main categories of activity planned during the next 5 years are to a) continue and complete the detection of incident cancers; b) continue the production of an annual newsletter, also popular articles to promote cohort retention, and maintain up-to-date contact information; c) finally and most importantly, complete analyses and produce manuscripts that address the listed specific aims.

描述（由申请人提供）：2002 年至 2007 年间，我们组建了一个大型队列（N= 96,000），命名为复临信徒健康研究 2 (AHS-2)。该队列包含 25,000 名黑人受试者，并且广泛代表来自美国所有 50 个州以及加拿大所有省份和地区的所有社会阶层。大约 45% 的人是素食主义者，但另外 25% 的人平均每天消耗 139 克肉类。因此，一个非常重要的特征是多样化的饮食习惯。这项工作的主要目标是首先评估植物性饮食与杂食性饮食与结直肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌风险之间的关联，正如之前的研究表明这些风险是存在的。接下来重点关注这些饮食模式之间不同的营养素、植物化学物质、维生素和食物组，包括红肉、西红柿、乳制品、十字花科蔬菜、异黄酮、长链脂肪酸等。该人群对大多数水果和蔬菜的摄入量相对较高，大豆的消费量接近亚洲水平，并且 n-3 脂肪酸的摄入量和脂肪水平都较高。该人群中许多关键饮食暴露的差异似乎是其他知名研究人群的 1.5-3 倍。这相当于 AHS-2 名义规模的 1.5--3 倍的人口统计功效，表明这是一项非常具有成本效益的研究。每位研究成员都完成了一份 50 页的调查问卷，其中详细介绍了饮食、病史、身体活动、女性史和人口统计数据。已对 1011 名代表性受试者进行了一项大型综合校准研究，以验证膳食摄入量的估计，并促进回归分析中的测量误差校正。从校准研究受试者收集的数据包括 6 次精心定时的 24 小时饮食回忆、第二份食物频率调查问卷、两次一周体力活动回忆，以及一组异常丰富的生物样本，可从中估计生物标志物：血清、血浆、血沉棕黄层、红细胞、隔夜尿液和皮下脂肪抽吸物。对于测量误差校正，将使用传统的回归校准以及最近发布的创新的生物标记引导校准方法。根据需要，我们从校准研究数据中估计了大量摄入生物标志物。许多与饮食回忆的相关性相对较高。问卷饮食指数的有效性（与回忆相比）也与其他人的最佳经验一致。癌症事件是通过与州癌症登记处匹配以及作为第二来源的两年一次的调查问卷来发现的。初步估计表明我们只会漏掉 2.5% 的癌症。未来 5 年计划的主要活动类别是： a) 继续并完成癌症事件的检测； b) 继续制作年度通讯和热门文章以促进群体保留，并保持最新的联系信息； c) 最后也是最重要的，完成分析并生成解决所列出的具体目标的手稿。