Plant-based diets and risk of cancer

植物性饮食与癌症风险

• 批准号: 8108533
• 负责人: GARY E. FRASER
• 金额: $ 121.99万
• 依托单位: LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-26 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8108533
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adipose tissue; Age; American; Asians; Aspirate substance; Attention; Biological; Biological Markers; Calibration; Canada; Canned Foods; Categories; Colon; Colorectal Cancer; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Data; Detection; Diet; Diet Habits; Dietary Practices; Dietary Questionnaires; Dietary intake; Eating; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Flavones; Food; Frequencies; Geographic state; Goals; Health; Hormone Receptor; Hour; Intake; Investigation; Isoflavones; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Manuscripts; Measurement; Measures; Meat; Medical History; Methods; Modification; Names; Newsletter; Nutrient; Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Organ; Physical activity; Phytochemical; Plants; Plasma; Population; Population Study; Postmenopause; Premenopause; Process; Production; Prostate; Province; Publishing; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Regression Analysis; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Social Class; Source; Soy Foods; Structure; Study Subject; Testing; Time; Tomatoes; Translating; Urine; Vegetables; Vitamins; Work; base; cancer risk; cohort; cost effective; cruciferous vegetable; demographics; experience; flavone; fruits and vegetables; improved; indexing; innovation; killings; long chain fatty acid; malignant breast neoplasm; member; neoplasm registry; preference; red meat consumption; soy; subcutaneous

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Between 2002-2007 we assembled a large cohort (N= 96,000) named Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). The cohort contains 25,000 Black subjects, and also has a broad representation from all social classes, from all 50 states of the U.S. and all provinces and territories of Canada. About 45% are vegetarian, but another 25% on average consume 139 gm of meat per day. Thus a very important feature is a wide range of dietary habits. The main goals of this work are to first evaluate associations between plant-based compared to omnivorous diets on risks of colorectal, breast and prostate cancers, as previous work suggests that these exist. Next to focus on nutrients, phytochemicals, vitamins and food groups that differ between these dietary patterns, including red meat, tomatoes, dairy foods, cruciferous vegetables, isoflavones, long-chain fatty acids, and others. This population has a relatively high intake of most fruits and vegetables, a consumption of soy that approaches Asian levels, and has both high intake and high adipose levels of n-3 fatty acids. Many key dietary exposures in this population appear to have a variance that is 1.5- 3 times that of other well-known study populations. This translates to the statistical power of a population 1.5--3 times the nominal size of AHS-2, indicating that this is very cost-effective research. Each study member has completed a 50 page questionnaire that covers diet in detail, also medical history, physical activity, female history, and demographics. A large and comprehensive calibration study of 1011 representative subjects has been formed to validate the estimation of dietary intake, and also to facilitate measurement error correction in regression analyses. Data collected from calibration study subjects includes 6 carefully timed 24-hour dietary recalls, a second food frequency questionnaire, two one week physical activity recalls, and an unusually rich group of biological samples from which to estimate biomarkers: serum, plasma, buffy coat, RBCs, an overnight urine, and a subcutaneous fat aspirate. For measurement error correction, traditional regression calibration will be used, as well as an innovative recently published biomarker-guided calibration method. As required for this, we have estimated a large number of biomarkers of intake from the calibration study data. Many correlations with dietary recalls are relatively high-valued. The validity of questionnaire dietary indices (compared to recalls) is also in keeping with the best experience of others. Incident cancers are found by matching with state cancer registries, and also from biennial questionnaires as a secondary source. Initial estimates suggest we will miss only 2.5% of these cancers. The main categories of activity planned during the next 5 years are to a) continue and complete the detection of incident cancers; b) continue the production of an annual newsletter, also popular articles to promote cohort retention, and maintain up-to-date contact information; c) finally and most importantly, complete analyses and produce manuscripts that address the listed specific aims. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Breast, colorectal and prostate cancers afflict more than 550,000 Americans each year and kill nearly 120,000. This research will provide more definitive answers about the potential roles of plant-based dietary patterns, also meat consumption, to either increase or decrease risks of these cancers, by using an unusually informative U.S. study population. As many in this population also eat greater quantities of many particular vegetable foods, we can also associate intake of these with cancer risk. Great attention is given to improving accuracy of estimates.

描述（由申请人提供）：在2002-2007之间，我们组装了一个名为Adventist Health Study-2（AHS-2）的大型队列（n = 96,000）。该队列包含25,000名黑人主题，并且从美国所有50个州以及加拿大所有省份和地区的所有社会阶层都有广泛的代表。约45％是素食主义者，但平均每天饮食139克​​。因此，一个非常重要的特征是多种饮食习惯。这项工作的主要目标是首先评估基于植物的饮食饮食与结直肠癌，乳房和前列腺癌的风险相比，正如先前的工作表明存在的那样。紧随其后的是养分，植物化学物质，维生素和食物基团，这些饮食模式之间有所不同，包括红肉，西红柿，奶制品，十字花科蔬菜，异黄酮，长链脂肪酸等。该人群的摄入量相对较高，大多数水果和蔬菜，大豆的消费量接近亚洲水平，并且摄入量很高，脂肪含量很高。该人群中许多关键的饮食暴露似乎的差异似乎是其他知名研究人群的1.5-3倍。这意味着人口的统计能力是AHS-2标称大小的1.5--3倍，这表明这是非常有效的研究。每个研究成员都完成了一份50页的问卷调查，该问卷详细介绍了饮食，以及病史，体育锻炼，女性病史和人口统计学。已经形成了对1011个代表性受试者的大型且全面的校准研究，以验证饮食摄入的估计，并促进回归分析中的测量误差校正。从校准研究对象收集的数据包括6个精心定时的24小时饮食召回，第二次食物频率问卷，两周的一周体育活动召回，以及一组异常丰富的生物学样品，可以从中估算生物标志物：血清，血浆，Buffy Coas，RBC，RBC，尿液过夜尿液和下尿液脂肪脂肪。为了进行测量误差校正，将使用传统的回归校准，以及最近出版的生物标志物指导校准方法的创新性。根据此的要求，我们从校准研究数据中估计了大量摄入量的生物标志物。与饮食召回的许多相关性相对较高。问卷饮食指数（与召回相比）的有效性也与他人的最佳体验保持一致。事件癌症是通过与州癌症注册机构匹配的，也可以从每两年一次的问卷中匹配作为次要来源。最初的估计表明，我们只会错过这些癌症的2.5％。在接下来的5年中计划的主要活动类别是a）继续并完成对事件癌症的检测； b）继续生产一年的新闻通讯，也是流行的文章，以促进队列保留率并保持最新的联系信息； c）最终，最重要的是，完成分析并产生针对列出的特定目的的手稿。 公共卫生相关性：乳房，结直肠癌和前列腺癌每年遭受55万多名美国人的困扰，造成近120,000人。这项研究将提供有关使用异常信息的美国研究人群，提供有关基于植物的饮食模式（以及肉类消耗，增加或降低这些癌症风险）的潜在作用的更明确的答案。由于该人群中的许多人也吃了更多的许多特定植物食品，因此我们还可以将这些食物与癌症风险联系起来。非常关注提高估计准确性。