Chromosome Metabolism and Cancer

染色体代谢与癌症

• 批准号: 8292004
• 负责人: Jonathan A Cooper
• 金额: $ 42.39万
• 依托单位: FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8292004
• 关键词: Chromosomes; Malignant Neoplasms; Metabolism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is abundantly evident that cancer is a genetic disease. The integrity, replication, segregation and regulation of chromosomes play critical roles in the formation and progression of all types of cancer. In the past decades a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been identified, expression of which is critical in cancer formation and progression. Altered expression can result from epigenetic changes or alteration of gene or chromosome structure through a variety of mechanisms including DNA mutations, amplifications, rearrangements and loss. Understanding these and other basic mechanisms that affect chromosome metabolism is therefore critical to the study of cancer, and improved knowledge of fundamental mechanisms could improve cancer detection and treatments. Despite this, research on cancer is often focussed on specific types of cancer, specific chromosome aberrations, and specific molecular pathways, while research on fundamental genetic and epigenetic mechanisms frequently proceeds in basic science labs with little or no appreciation of the relevance for cancer cause and treatment. The Chromosome Metabolism and Cancer Training Program (CMCTP) seeks to bridge this gap by bringing together cancer researchers and basic scientists in one of the nation's leading Cancer Research institutions, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC). The purpose of the CMCTP is to excite young basic scientists who are researching universal mechanisms of chromosome structure and function and to encourage them to apply their results to cancer biology, while at the same time helping trainee cancer researchers learn more about innovative methods and ideas in fundamental science. For the last two project periods, the CMCTP has been funded for two predoctoral and five postdoctoral positions. For the last year, an ARRA Competitive Supplement has allowed us to increase to seven postdoctoral positions. We have had no trouble identifying qualified candidates. Trainees from the past 10 years have been successful in publishing the research supported by the CMCTP, and in building professional careers in cancer research. Former trainees in the CMCTP are now productive independent researchers in academia and biotechnology. Therefore, we are requesting continued support for this successful postdoctoral and graduate training program, and request funding of two predoctoral positions and six postdoctoral positions.

描述（由申请人提供）： 非常明显的是，癌症是一种遗传性疾病。染色体的完整性、复制、分离和调节在所有类型癌症的形成和进展中发挥着关键作用。在过去的几十年里，大量的癌基因和抑癌基因被鉴定出来，它们的表达对于癌症的形成和进展至关重要。表达改变可能是由表观遗传变化或通过多种机制（包括 DNA 突变、扩增、重排和丢失）改变基因或染色体结构引起的。因此，了解影响染色体代谢的这些和其他基本机制对于癌症研究至关重要，提高对基本机制的了解可以改善癌症的检测和治疗。尽管如此，对癌症的研究通常集中在特定类型的癌症、特定的染色体畸变和特定的分子途径上，而对基本遗传和表观遗传机制的研究经常在基础科学实验室中进行，很少或根本不了解癌症病因和治疗的相关性。染色体代谢和癌症培训计划 (CMCTP) 旨在通过将美国领先的癌症研究机构之一 Fred Hutchinson 癌症研究中心 (FHCRC) 的癌症研究人员和基础科学家聚集在一起来弥补这一差距。 CMCTP的目的是激发正在研究染色体结构和功能的普遍机制的年轻基础科学家，并鼓励他们将研究成果应用于癌症生物学，同时帮助见习癌症研究人员更多地了解基础科学的创新方法和理念。 在过去的两个项目期间，CMCTP 已资助了两个博士前职位和五个博士后职位。去年，ARRA 竞争性补充计划使我们的博士后职位增加到了 7 个。我们毫不费力地找到了合格的候选人。过去 10 年的学员成功发表了 CMCTP 支持的研究成果，并在癌症研究领域建立了职业生涯。 CMCTP 的前学员现在是学术界和生物技术领域富有成效的独立研究人员。因此，我们请求继续支持这一成功的博士后和研究生培训计划，并请求为两个博士前职位和六个博士后职位提供资金。