REASEARCH PROJECT 2: Mycotoxin Biomarkers and Children's Health in Africa (Wild)

研究项目 2：非洲霉菌毒素生物标志物和儿童健康（野生）

• 批准号: 8376301
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER P WILD
• 金额: $ 21.19万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8376301
• 关键词: 5 year old; Acute; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aflatoxins; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Biochemical; Biological Markers; Birth; Cessation of life; Chemoprevention; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Chronic; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complement; Developed Countries; Development; Diarrhea; Diet; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elements; Employee Strikes; Evaluation; Exposure to; Food; Foundations; Fumonisins; Funding; Goals; Growth; Hand; Harvest; Health; High Prevalence; Human; Immune; Immunity; Impairment; In Vitro; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intestines; Investigation; Kenya; Life; Link; Live Birth; Logistics; Maize; Malaria; Malnutrition; Molecular; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Mycotoxins; Outcome; Peanuts - dietary; Permeability; Pneumonia; Population; Population Study; Poverty; Predisposition; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Procedures; Province; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Solid; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; South Africa; Sphingosine; Technology; Testing; Toxic Environmental Substances; Translations; Weaning; Work; base; cohort; critical period; early life exposure; evidence base; exposed human population; food quality; improved; in vivo Model; intestinal epithelium; mortality; nutrition; sphinganine; tool; urinary

Child morbidity and mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa with some 4.5 million deaths annually among children aged <5 years and 175 deaths per 1000 live births compared to 6 deaths per 1000 in industrialized nations. The majority of the childhood mortality and morbidity is due to infectious diseases, notably diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. These problems are associated with poverty, including insufficient and poor quality food resulting in a high prevalence of malnutrition. Indeed under-nutrition and growth faltering has been identified as an underlying cause of around 50% of the deaths associated with infectious diseases in children in this region. In our previous work we found a strong association between aflatoxin biomarker levels and growth faltering in West African children; in addition, there was evidence of altered immunity in individuals with high biomarker levels. Dietary exposure to this mycotoxin may therefore make a significant contribution to childhood morbidity and mortality. The first goal of this project is to characterize the contribution of mycotoxin exposure early in life (pre- and post-natal) to growth faltering and health outcomes. We will test for an association between biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure and intestinal permeability as a first test of whether aflatoxin may affect growth via this mechanism. Maize is the main dietary staple for over 50% of the population in West Africa and is frequently co-contaminated with aflatoxins and another class of mycotoxins, the fumonisins. A second project goal is therefore to validate fumonisin exposure biomarkers to permit an evaluation of the combined effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins on child growth. Finally we will conduct postharvest intervention studies on maize using low technology approaches to assess their effectiveness in reducing human exposure to these environmental toxins, including via maize-based weaning foods that contribute much to the mycotoxin burden in young children. Collectively these studies will collaboratively link with biomarker research in Project 1 and lay the groundwork for application of targeted chemoprevention strategies described in Project 4.

撒哈拉以南非洲的儿童发病率和死亡率很高，每年约有450万人死亡 年龄<5岁的儿童和每1000例活产175例死亡，而工业化的儿童每1000例死亡。 国家。大多数儿童死亡率和发病率是由于传染病，尤其是腹泻， 肺炎和疟疾。这些问题与贫困有关，包括不足和质量差 食物导致营养不良的高患病率。确实，未经努力和成长步履蹒跚 被确定为与儿童传染病有关的50％死亡的根本原因 在这个地区。在我们以前的工作中，我们发现黄曲霉毒素生物标志物水平与 西非儿童的成长步履蹒跚；此外，有证据表明个体免疫力改变 具有较高的生物标志物水平。因此，饮食暴露于这种霉菌毒素可能会做出重大贡献 到童年的发病率和死亡率。该项目的第一个目标是表征 霉菌毒素早期（产前和产后）的霉菌毒素暴露于增长和健康成果。我们将测试 黄曲霉毒素暴露的生物标志物与肠道渗透率之间 黄曲霉毒素可能通过这种机制影响生长。玉米是超过50％的主要饮食主食 西非的人口，经常与黄曲霉毒素和另一类的霉菌毒素共同污染， 烟丝素。因此，第二个项目目标是验证烟雾菌素暴露生物标志物以允许 评估黄曲霉毒素和富莫诺蛋白对儿童生长的综合作用。最后，我们将进行后投资 使用低技术方法来评估其在玉米中的干预研究 减少人类对这些环境毒素的接触，包括通过基于玉米的断奶食品 为幼儿的霉菌毒素负担做出了很大的贡献。这些研究将共同​​链接 通过项目1中的生物标志物研究，并为靶向化学预防的应用奠定了基础 项目4中描述的策略。