REASEARCH PROJECT 2: Mycotoxin Biomarkers and Children's Health in Africa (Wild)

研究项目 2：非洲霉菌毒素生物标志物和儿童健康（野生）

• 批准号: 7515860
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER P WILD
• 金额: $ 21.92万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7515860
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aflatoxins; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Benin Republic; Biochemical; Biological Markers; Biomarkers and Prevention Research Branch; Birth; Butocin; Cessation of life; Chemoprevention; Child; Child health care; Childhood; Chronic; Class; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complement; Developed Countries; Development; Diarrhea; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elements; Employee Strikes; Evaluation; Exposure to; Food; Foundations; Fumonisins; Funding; Goals; Growth; Hand; Harvest; Health; High Prevalence; Human; Immune; Immunity; Impairment; In Vitro; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Intestines; Investigation; Kenya; Life; Link; Live Birth; Logistics; Maize; Malaria; Malnutrition; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Mycotoxins; Numbers; Outcome; Peanuts - dietary; Permeability; Pneumonia; Population; Population Study; Poverty; Predisposition; Prevention Research; Prevention strategy; Procedures; Province; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Solid; Sorting - Cell Movement; Source; South Africa; Sphingosine; Technology; Testing; Thinking; Toxic Environmental Substances; Translations; Weaning; Work; Zea mays; aged; base; cohort; critical developmental period; exposed human population; food quality; improved; in vivo Model; intestinal epithelium; mortality; nutrition; sphinganine; toe corn; tool; urinary

Child morbidity and mortality is high in sub-Saharan Africa with some 4.5 million deaths annually among children aged <5 years and 175 deaths per 1000 live births compared to 6 deaths per 1000 in industrialized nations. The majority of the childhood mortality and morbidity is due to infectious diseases, notably diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. These problems are associated with poverty, including insufficient and poor quality food resulting in a high prevalence of malnutrition. Indeed under-nutrition and growth faltering has been identified as an underlying cause of around 50% of the deaths associated with infectious diseases in children in this region. In our previous work we found a strong association between aflatoxin biomarker levels and growth faltering in West African children; in addition, there was evidence of altered immunity in individuals with high biomarker levels. Dietary exposure to this mycotoxin may therefore make a significant contribution to childhood morbidity and mortality. The first goal of this project is to characterize the contribution of mycotoxin exposure early in life (pre- and post-natal) to growth faltering and health outcomes. We will test for an association between biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure and intestinal permeability as a first test of whether aflatoxin may affect growth via this mechanism. Maize is the main dietary staple for over 50% of the population in West Africa and is frequently co-contaminated with aflatoxins and another class of mycotoxins, the fumonisins. A second project goal is therefore to validate fumonisin exposure biomarkers to permit an evaluation of the combined effects of aflatoxins and fumonisins on child growth. Finally we will conduct postharvest intervention studies on maize using low technology approaches to assess their effectiveness in reducing human exposure to these environmental toxins, including via maize-based weaning foods that contribute much to the mycotoxin burden in young children. Collectively these studies will collaboratively link with biomarker research in Project 1 and lay the groundwork for application of targeted chemoprevention strategies described in Project 4.

撒哈拉以南非洲地区的儿童发病率和死亡率很高，每年约有 450 万人死亡 5 岁以下儿童每 1000 名活产婴儿中有 175 人死亡，而工业化国家每 1000 名活产婴儿中有 6 人死亡 国家。大部分儿童死亡和发病是由于传染病，特别是腹泻、 肺炎和疟疾。这些问题都与贫困有关，包括质量不足和质量差 食物导致营养不良的发生率很高。事实上，营养不良和生长缓慢一直是 被确定为约 50% 儿童传染病相关死亡的根本原因 在这个地区。在我们之前的工作中，我们发现黄曲霉毒素生物标志物水平与 西非儿童生长缓慢；此外，有证据表明个体的免疫力发生了改变 具有高生物标志物水平。因此，通过饮食接触这种霉菌毒素可能会产生重大影响 儿童发病率和死亡率。该项目的首要目标是描述以下人员的贡献： 生命早期（产前和产后）接触霉菌毒素会导致生长迟缓和健康结果。我们将测试 黄曲霉毒素暴露的生物标志物与肠道通透性之间的关联，作为是否存在的第一个测试 黄曲霉毒素可能通过这种机制影响生长。玉米是 50% 以上人口的主要主食 西非人口，经常受到黄曲霉毒素和另一类霉菌毒素的共同污染， 伏马毒素。因此，第二个项目目标是验证伏马菌素暴露生物标志物，以允许 评估黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素对儿童生长的综合影响。最后我们进行采后处理 使用低技术方法对玉米进行干预研究，以评估其有效性 减少人类接触这些环境毒素，包括通过以玉米为基础的断奶食品 造成幼儿的霉菌毒素负担很大。这些研究将共同​​链接 项目1开展生物标志物研究，为靶向化学预防的应用奠定基础 项目 4 中描述的策略。