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Community diversity and parasite dynamics

群落多样性和寄生虫动态

基本信息

批准号：
8232577
负责人：
Todd Philip Livdahl
金额：
$ 38万
依托单位：
CLARK UNIVERSITY (WORCESTER, MA)
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-02-14 至 2016-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project tests the Dilution Effect hypothesis, which predicts that parasite success should be inversely related to the number of species in a community of host organisms. The hypothesis will be tested in a model system of mosquito larvae that breed in containers, and a parasite that infects them. The number of host species will be modified and the success of the parasite will be measured. The prevalence of parasites in natural larval habitats will be quantified and the relationship between parasite prevalence and the number of species of mosquito larvae will be tested. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project addresses whether parasites succeed at reduced rates within more diverse communities of host organisms, a theory known as the host Dilution Effect. The hypothesis will be tested in communities of mosquito larvae that breed in containers, studying a parasite that infects those larvae. The number of host species will be modified and the success of the parasite will be measured. The prevalence of parasites in natural larval habitats will be quantified and the relationship between parasite prevalence and the number of species of mosquito larvae will be tested. Additional experiments are designed to test various hypotheses about the mechanism of host dilution, as well as the role of parasitism in affecting competition among hosts. The project is relevant to public health from the perspective of managing risks through the management of biodiversity in the human environment. Also, the project investigates species interactions involving mosquitoes, which are vectors of numerous diseases in humans, including several encephalitis viruses, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile virus. Understanding parasite regulation of these vectors may improve our ability to control disease vectors.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目测试稀释效应假设，该假设预测寄生虫的成功应该与宿主生物群落中的物种数量呈负相关。这一假设将在一个由蚊子幼虫和寄生虫组成的模型系统中进行测试，蚊子幼虫在容器中繁殖。宿主物种的数量将被修改，寄生虫的成功将被测量。本研究将量化寄生虫在自然幼虫生境中的流行率，并测试寄生虫流行率与蚊子幼虫种类之间的关系。公共卫生关系：这个项目解决了寄生虫是否在更多样化的宿主生物群落中以降低的速率成功，这一理论被称为宿主稀释效应。这一假设将在容器中繁殖的蚊子幼虫群落中进行测试，研究感染这些幼虫的寄生虫。宿主物种的数量将被修改，寄生虫的成功将被测量。本研究将量化寄生虫在自然幼虫生境中的流行率，并测试寄生虫流行率与蚊子幼虫种类之间的关系。附加的实验设计来测试各种假说的机制，主机稀释，以及寄生作用，影响主机之间的竞争。从通过管理人类环境中的生物多样性来管理风险的角度来看，该项目与公共卫生有关。此外，该项目还调查了涉及蚊子的物种相互作用，蚊子是人类多种疾病的载体，包括几种脑炎病毒、基孔肯雅病毒、黄热病、登革热和西尼罗河病毒。了解寄生虫对这些媒介的调节可能会提高我们控制疾病媒介的能力。