Unhealthy Food and Beverage Advertising Around Schools

描述（由申请人提供）：自1980年以来，美国儿童和青少年中的超重和肥胖人数增加了两倍。研究表明，童年和青春期超重会增加成年后超重和肥胖的风险。如果肥胖流行率继续保持同样的轨迹，到2030年，经济成本估计将在8060亿至9570亿美元之间，占美国医疗保健总成本的16-18%。超重/肥胖率的上升是许多因素的结果，包括不健康的饮食习惯。研究发现，能量密集、低营养食品和饮料的营销和广告会影响儿童的饮食行为和偏好。虽然人们的研究主要集中在电视上的食品和饮料广告的影响上，但很少有研究调查学校周围广告的影响。由于青少年每天都在学校周围接触广告，因此确定这种形式的广告如何影响对不健康（即能量密集、低营养）食品和饮料的偏好和选择至关重要。本研究的首要目标是开发和验证一个基于地理信息系统的空间测量工具和协议，以记录和描述学校周围的户外食品和饮料广告。虽然这个测量工具将使用在学校周围收集的数据来创建，但它可以用于记录其他场所的户外食品和饮料广告，例如课后活动、家庭、社区、教堂和公园。使用该工具收集的数据可以供学校工作人员、地方、州和国家政策制定者以及社区和倡导团体使用。此外，测量工具和协议可供有兴趣分析户外餐饮广告环境的研究人员和从业人员使用。本研究的具体目的是：1)开发并验证一个测量工具和编码协议，以记录和描述30所中学的户外餐饮广告。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Overweight and obesity among children and teens in the U.S. has tripled since 1980. Studies have shown that being overweight in childhood and adolescence increases the risk of being overweight and obese in adulthood. If obesity prevalence rates continue on the same trajectory, economic costs are estimated to be between $806 and $957 billion by the year 2030, accounting for 16-18% of total health care costs in the United States. Increasing overweight/obesity rates have been the result of many factors, including unhealthy eating behaviors. The marketing and advertising of energy dense, low nutrition foods and beverages have been found to influence children's eating behavior and preferences. While work has focused on the influence of food and beverage advertising on television, little research has examined the influence of exposure to advertising around schools. Because youth are exposed to advertising around schools on a daily basis, it is crucial to determine how this form of advertising may influence preferences and choices for unhealthy (i.e., energy-dense, low nutrition) foods and beverages. The overarching goal for this study is to develop and validate a spatial, GIS- based measurement tool and protocol that will document and describe outdoor food and beverage advertising around schools. While this measurement tool will be created using data collected around schools, it could be used to document outdoor food and beverage advertising in other venues, as well such as after-school programs, homes, neighborhoods, churches, and parks. Data collected with this tool can then be used by school personnel, local, state, and national policy makers, as well as community and advocacy groups. In addition, the measurement tool and protocol can be used by researchers and practitioners who are interested in analyzing the outdoor food and beverage advertising environment. The specific aim of this study is to: 1) develop and validate a measurement tool and coding protocol to document and describe outdoor food and beverage advertising around 30 middle schools. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The development and validation of a tool to assess food and beverage advertising would be a significant contribution to the growing field of environmental assessment for obesity and other nutrition-related outcomes. Additionally, we will be able to more clearly understand the influence of food and beverage advertising on youth as well as create tools to assist in developing media literacy among youth to impact the growing prevalence of obesity among youth.