Neurocognitive Risk For Alcoholism Into Adulthood

成年期酗酒的神经认知风险

• 批准号: 8323558
• 负责人: Mary M Heitzeg
• 金额: $ 66.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8323558
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholism; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Attention; Back; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Brain; Communities; Consumption; Cues; Development; Distal; Drug usage; Early identification; Early treatment; Environmental Risk Factor; Family Study; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Goals; Heavy Drinking; Human; Image; Impairment; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Iowa; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Maps; Medial; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Michigan; Neighborhoods; Neural Pathways; Neurocognition; Neurocognitive; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Personality; Personality Assessment; Play; Population; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Rewards; Risk; Risk-Taking; Role; Sampling; Services; Short-Term Memory; Social Environment; Social Network; Social Policies; Social support; Staging; Substance Use Disorder; System; Temperament; Time; Ventral Striatum; Work; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; alcohol use disorder; base; career; critical developmental period; discounting; drinking; drinking behavior; early adolescence; early childhood; emerging adult; high risk; neural circuit; neuropsychological; operation; peer; prevent; programs; psychologic; reinforcer; relating to nervous system; resilience; response; social; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The scientific issues of this project are focused around four core developmental phenomena of the 18-23 year old period: 1) this period is normatively the highest alcohol consumption interval in the life course; 2) toward the end of this interval, for the majority of young adults, a decrease in consumption begins to take place; 3) for a higher risk subset of the population, the high consumption pattern continues; and 4) while these critical behavioral shifts are occurring, the neural networks responsible for effortful control and reward response/incentive reactivity are also maturing, albeit at different rates. Three corollary, as yet unanswered questions critical to both social policy about youthful drinking and intervention, are to be addressed: A) To what degree are the changes in drinking behavior taking place over this developmental interval attributable to the maturation of these neural networks?; B) Does heavy alcohol consumption influence the maturation of these networks?; C) How do social environmental reinforcers and prior individual differences in risk mediate or moderate both of these outcomes? During the past 5 years, this project has investigated neurocognitive and functional brain indicators of later problem alcohol use, identifying trajectories of problem use and neural indicators of risk and resilience. This revised continuation project builds on this prior work by extending the investigation into early adulthood and identifying effects of heavy drinking on personality, neurocognition and brain function as well as the interactions between early risk, heavy drinking, and social context (social supports, peer drinking, environmental insults) throughout adolescence and early adulthood. Subjects are participants in the Michigan Longitudinal Study, a high risk for alcohol use disorder family study that has been characterizing temperament, behavioral risk and social context since early childhood and neurocognitive risk since early adolescence. Associated brain function has been studied using fMRI since late adolescence in a subset of these participants. Over the next 5 years, the study will probe the two domains of Effortful Control, and Incentive Reactivity, assessed at the levels of brain function (Regulation/dysregulation of frontostriatal and frontolimbic circuitry and connectivity), neurocognition, and personality. Neurocognitive and personality assessments will continue at 3 year intervals (N= 1456), starting at age 12; a subset of participants (N = 225) will continue to be assessed yearly via fMRI starting at age 18. An important new focus of the imaging work is the interaction between frontal and subcortical processes, to be explored longitudinally using a delayed discounting task, and frontostriatal and frontolimbic functional connectivity analyses. Results will developmentally characterize the relationship between drinking behavior, social environment, and brain function and connectivity change. A special focus is the extent to which drinking behavior lags brain change or leads it, and the role that social environment plays in moderating such change.

项目描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的科学问题主要围绕18-23岁这一时期的四个核心发展现象：1)这一时期是生命历程中规范的最高饮酒期；2)在这段时间接近尾声时，对于大多数年轻人来说，饮酒量开始下降；3)高风险人群的高消费模式仍在继续；4)当这些关键的行为转变发生时，负责努力控制和奖励反应/激励反应的神经网络也在成熟，尽管速度不同。对于青少年饮酒和干预的社会政策而言，三个尚未回答的必然问题是：A)饮酒行为的变化在多大程度上可归因于这些神经网络的成熟？B)大量饮酒是否影响这些网络的成熟？C)社会环境强化因素和先前的个体风险差异是如何介导或调节这两种结果的？在过去的5年中，该项目调查了后来问题酒精使用的神经认知和功能脑指标，确定了问题使用的轨迹以及风险和恢复力的神经指标。这个修订后的继续项目建立在先前工作的基础上，将调查扩展到成年早期，并确定大量饮酒对人格、神经认知和大脑功能的影响，以及整个青春期和成年早期的早期风险、大量饮酒和社会环境（社会支持、同伴饮酒、环境侮辱）之间的相互作用。研究对象是密歇根纵向研究（Michigan Longitudinal Study）的参与者，这是一项高风险的酒精使用障碍家庭研究，从儿童早期开始就一直在研究气质、行为风险和社会环境，从青春期早期开始研究神经认知风险。从这些参与者的一个子集的青春期后期开始，使用功能磁共振成像研究了相关的脑功能。在接下来的5年里，该研究将探索努力控制和激励反应这两个领域，在大脑功能（额纹状体和额边缘电路和连接的调节/失调）、神经认知和人格的水平上进行评估。神经认知和人格评估将每3年进行一次（N= 1456），从12岁开始；一部分参与者（N = 225）将从18岁开始每年继续通过功能磁共振成像进行评估。成像工作的一个重要的新焦点是额叶和皮层下过程之间的相互作用，将通过延迟贴现任务纵向探索，以及额纹状体和额边缘功能连通性分析。结果将发育表征饮酒行为、社会环境、脑功能和连通性变化之间的关系。一个特别的焦点是饮酒行为在多大程度上滞后或导致大脑的变化，以及社会环境在缓和这种变化方面所起的作用。