Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Risk for CVD and Stroke in the Jackson Heart Study

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管国家采取了解决健康差距的举措，但非洲裔美国人 (AA) 的心血管疾病 (CVD)（尤其是中风）发病率高于欧洲裔美国人 (EA)。杰克逊心脏研究 (JHS) 成立于 2000 年，旨在生成数据来支持减少 AA 地区 CVD 差异的公共卫生建议。这项具有里程碑意义的研究报告称，与美国其他主要为 EA 的人群相比，完全 AA 人群中糖尿病和不受控制的高血压患病率更高。肥胖或其他传统危险因素无法解释危险因素患病率的增加，这表明其他未测量因素在影响不良心脏代谢结果方面具有潜在作用。尽管 JHS 已全面评估了多种 CVD 危险因素，但一个显着的差距是缺乏对睡眠呼吸障碍 (SDB) 和睡眠模式的客观评估。最近针对主要 EA 样本的研究强调了纠正这一差距的重要性，这些研究表明 SDB 和睡眠不足均与冠心病、糖尿病和中风的发病率增加有关。我们的初步数据还表明，SDB 在完全 AA JHS 群体中可能比在以白人为主的群体中更为普遍。我们的长期目标是通过识别特定种族的可改变风险因素来改善心血管疾病的差异。拟议的研究将检查 JHS 队列中 1,200 名成员的 SDB、睡眠不足、肥胖、心理社会文化变量和 CVD 危险因素之间的关系。将使用低负担但可靠的家庭睡眠呼吸暂停监测和腕部活动记录仪来客观评估睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠模式。为了评估 CVD 的中间测量值，特别是与中风和糖尿病相关的中间测量值，将使用严格的方案获得内膜中层厚度 (IMT)、血压以及血糖控制和炎症的生化指标。这些数据将用于实现三个具体目标：（1）确定 SDB 和 AA 睡眠不足的风险因素，包括对与少数群体相关的主要和次要压力以及负面情绪的新测量； (2) 阐明 SDB 严重程度、睡眠不足与高血压、中风和糖尿病不受控制的风险之间的关系； (3) 量化 SDB 在统计上调节肥胖与传统 CVD 危险因素之间关系的程度。我们的研究将确定睡眠障碍作为 AA CVD 新型危险因素的作用，为促进更好地筛查 SDB 提供基础，并增强对睡眠障碍如何影响中风和糖尿病、高血压和血脂异常等中间 CVD 结局差异的科学理解。最后，我们的研究结果将作为前瞻性分析的基础，将 SDB 与 AA 中的 CVD 事件、发病率和死亡率联系起来。 公共健康相关性：拟议的研究将帮助我们更好地了解睡眠障碍和睡眠不足如何导致非裔美国人患中风、糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。这项研究收集的数据将帮助研究人员制定未来有针对性的健康干预措施，以减轻心血管疾病的公共卫生负担以及糖尿病、高血压和中风的种族差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite national initiatives to address health disparities, African Americans (AAs) suffer higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially stroke, than European Americans (EAs). The Jackson Heart Study (JHS) was established in 2000 with the aim of generating data that would support public health recommendations for reducing CVD disparities in AAs. This landmark study has reported a higher prevalence of diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension in this entirely AA cohort compared to other U.S. mostly EA cohorts. Increased risk factor prevalence is not explained by obesity or other traditional risk factors, suggesting a potential role for additional unmeasured factors in influencing adverse cardio- metabolic outcomes. Although JHS has comprehensively assessed a wide variety of CVD risk factors, a notable gap has been the absences of objective assessment of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep patterns. The importance of rectifying this gap is underscored by recent research from predominantly EA samples that have demonstrated that SDB and insufficient sleep each are associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. Our preliminary data also indicate that SDB may be more prevalent in the entirely AA JHS cohort than in predominantly white cohorts. Our long-range goal is to ameliorate CVD disparities by identifying ethnicity-specific modifiable risk factors. The proposed study will examine relationships among SDB, insufficient sleep, obesity, psycho- socio-cultural variables, and CVD risk factors in 1,200 members of the JHS cohort. Sleep apnea and sleep patterns will be objectively assessed using low burden but reliable in-home sleep apnea monitoring and wrist actigraphy. To assess intermediate measurements of CVD, particularly related to stroke and diabetes, intimal media thickness (IMT), blood pressure, and biochemical indices of glucose control and inflammation will be obtained using rigorous protocols. These data will be used to achieve three specific aims: (1) Identify risk factors for SDB and insufficient sleep in AAs, including novel measurements of major and minor stress and negative emotions relevant to minority populations; (2) Elucidate relationships between SDB severity, insufficient sleep, and risk for uncontrolled hypertension, stroke and diabetes; and (3) Quantify the extent to which SDB may statistically mediate relationships between obesity and traditional CVD risk factors. Our study will identify the role of sleep disorders as novel modifiabe risk factors for CVD in AAs, provide a basis for promoting better screening for SDB, and enhance scientific understanding of how disparities in stroke and intermediate CVD outcomes such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are impacted by sleep disorders. Finally, the results of our study will serve as the foundation for prospective analyses linking SDB to incident CVD events, morbidity, and mortality in AAs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed study will help us better understand how sleep disorders and too little sleep contribute to the risk for stroke, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in African Americans. The data gathered by this study will help researchers develop future targeted health interventions to reduce the public health burden of cardiovascular disease and racial disparities in diabetes, hypertension and stroke.