Human Fronto-Parietal Networks for Visual Attention and Memory

人类额顶叶网络用于视觉注意力和记忆

• 批准号: 8302118
• 负责人: David C Somers
• 金额: $ 40.34万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8302118
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Contralateral; Cues; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Dissociation; Dorsal; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hemispatial Neglect; Human; Image; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Left; Maps; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Network-based; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway Analysis; Perception; Performance; Persons; Pharmacologic Substance; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Psychophysiology; Relative (related person); Research; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Series; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speed; Stroke; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Task Performances; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; age related; assay development; cognitive function; experience; frontal lobe; imaging modality; indexing; intraparietal sulcus; long term memory; memory process; memory retrieval; neglect; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; post stroke; relating to nervous system; research study; restoration; spatiotemporal; supercomputer; visual memory; visual performance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this research is to reveal the brain mechanisms by which visual attention, visual short- term memory (STM) and retrieval from visual long-term memory (LTM) integrate their functioning to support cognition and perception. Performance of healthy humans in visual tasks exceeds the performance of supercomputers, yet the capacity of the human visual system is profoundly limited; people can only attend to or hold in visual STM about four objects at one time. Retrieval from long-term memory into visual working memory (VWM) contributes greatly to visual performance in familiar contexts. However, diseases, including Alzheimer's and schizophrenia, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, and normal aging all can lead to reductions in the capacity of visual attention and STM and result in severe impairments in the performance of vision-related cognitive and perceptual tasks. In order to help guide therapeutic interventions, it is critical to have a detailed understanding of the neural substrates and mechanisms of visual attention, STM and LTM retrieval. A series of human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral studies is proposed to identify the shared and dissociated neural substrates of visual attention, visual STM and retrieval from visual LTM. Research has shown that portions of the frontal and parietal lobes work together as a network to support each of these tasks, but currently the precise identity and functional role of these brain areas in the different tasks is not well understood. Functional localizer fMRI methods and within-subject analysis will be performed in order to obtain precise localization of these brain regions. STM load and several attentional factors will be manipulated in order to identify the functional contributions of different brain regions to capacity limits under different forms of task demands. Event-related analysis will be performed in order to identify network components of visual LTM retrieval and their relationship to components of the visual STM, attentional & default mode networks. Experiments employing functional connectivity fMRI methods will focus on network interactions that may play a role in the symptoms of Hemispatial Neglect and in the post-stroke mechanisms that accompany restoration of spatial processing. This knowledge can guide the development of assays that can refine diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illnesses and may help maintain cognitive function in persons who experience disease- related or age-related decline. As the specific contributions of different brain regions are characterized, research can focus on identifying particular network subcomponents that may be differentially impaired in different clinical populations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cognitive performance is limited by the restricted capacity of the brain's attention and short-term memory systems. Diseases including Alzheimer's and schizophrenia, brain damage caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury, and normal aging are all associated with diminished attention and short-term memory capacity and can result in severe impairments of cognitive performance. In order to speed the development of pharmaceutical and other therapeutic methods, it is critical to understand the normal functioning of the brain circuits supporting attention and memory and the goal of this project is to reveal the specific roles of a network of brain regions in the frontal and parietal lobes in visual attention, visual short-term memory, and retrieval from visual long-term memory.

描述(申请人提供)：本研究的主要目标是揭示视觉注意、视觉短期记忆(STM)和从视觉长期记忆(LTM)提取整合其功能以支持认知和知觉的大脑机制。健康的人类在视觉任务中的表现超过了超级计算机的表现，然而人类视觉系统的能力是极其有限的；人们一次只能注意或保持大约四个物体。从长时记忆提取到视觉工作记忆(VWM)对熟悉情境下的视觉表现有很大的贡献。然而，包括阿尔茨海默氏症和精神分裂症、创伤性脑损伤、中风和正常衰老在内的疾病都会导致视觉注意力和STM能力的降低，并导致与视觉相关的认知和知觉任务的执行严重受损。为了帮助指导治疗干预，对视觉注意、STM和LTM提取的神经基础和机制有详细的了解是至关重要的。提出了一系列人类功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和行为学研究，以确定视觉注意、视觉STM和视觉LTM提取的共享和分离的神经底物。研究表明，额叶和顶叶的一部分作为一个网络一起工作，以支持这些任务中的每一个，但目前 这些大脑区域在不同的任务中并没有得到很好的理解。为了获得这些大脑区域的精确定位，将进行功能定位、fMRI方法和受试者内部分析。将操纵STM负荷和几个注意因素，以确定不同脑区在不同形式的能力限制下的功能贡献。 任务要求。将进行与事件相关的分析，以便识别视觉LTM检索的网络组件及其与视觉STM、注意和默认模式网络组件的关系。使用功能连接功能磁共振方法的实验将专注于网络相互作用，这些相互作用可能在半空间忽视的症状中发挥作用，以及在伴随空间处理恢复的中风后机制中发挥作用。这一知识可以指导分析方法的发展，这些方法可以改进精神疾病的诊断和治疗，并可能帮助经历疾病相关或年龄相关衰退的人保持认知功能。随着不同大脑区域的具体贡献被描述出来，研究可以专注于识别在不同临床人群中可能受到不同损害的特定网络亚成分。 与公共健康相关：认知能力受到大脑注意力和短期记忆系统能力的限制。包括阿尔茨海默氏症和精神分裂症在内的疾病，中风或创伤性脑损伤造成的脑损伤，以及正常衰老，都与注意力和短期记忆能力下降有关，并可能导致认知能力的严重损害。为了加快药物和其他治疗方法的发展，了解支持注意力和记忆的大脑回路的正常功能是至关重要的，本项目的目标是揭示 额叶和顶叶的大脑区域网络在视觉注意中的特殊作用， 视觉短时记忆和从视觉长时记忆中提取。