Human Fronto-Parietal Networks for Visual Attention and Memory

人类额顶叶网络用于视觉注意力和记忆

• 批准号: 8820919
• 负责人: David C Somers
• 金额: $ 40.11万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8820919
• 关键词: Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Bilateral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Contralateral; Cues; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Dissociation; Dorsal; Event; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hemispatial Neglect; Human; Image; Impairment; Individual; Investigation; Ipsilateral; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Left; Maps; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Network-based; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway Analysis; Perception; Performance; Persons; Pharmacologic Substance; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Psychophysics; Relative (related person); Research; Retrieval; Role; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Series; Short-Term Memory; Source; Speed; Stroke; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Task Performances; Testing; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; Work; age related; assay development; behavioral study; cognitive function; cognitive performance; experience; frontal lobe; imaging modality; indexing; intraparietal sulcus; long term memory; memory process; memory retrieval; neglect; neuromechanism; normal aging; novel; post stroke; relating to nervous system; research study; restoration; spatiotemporal; supercomputer; visual memory; visual performance

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this research is to reveal the brain mechanisms by which visual attention, visual short- term memory (STM) and retrieval from visual long-term memory (LTM) integrate their functioning to support cognition and perception. Performance of healthy humans in visual tasks exceeds the performance of supercomputers, yet the capacity of the human visual system is profoundly limited; people can only attend to or hold in visual STM about four objects at one time. Retrieval from long-term memory into visual working memory (VWM) contributes greatly to visual performance in familiar contexts. However, diseases, including Alzheimer's and schizophrenia, traumatic brain injuries, stroke, and normal aging all can lead to reductions in the capacity of visual attention and STM and result in severe impairments in the performance of vision-related cognitive and perceptual tasks. In order to help guide therapeutic interventions, it is critical to have a detailed understanding of the neural substrates and mechanisms of visual attention, STM and LTM retrieval. A series of human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral studies is proposed to identify the shared and dissociated neural substrates of visual attention, visual STM and retrieval from visual LTM. Research has shown that portions of the frontal and parietal lobes work together as a network to support each of these tasks, but currently the precise identity and functional role of these brain areas in the different tasks is not well understood. Functional localizer fMRI methods and within-subject analysis will be performed in order to obtain precise localization of these brain regions. STM load and several attentional factors will be manipulated in order to identify the functional contributions of different brain regions to capacity limits under different forms of task demands. Event-related analysis will be performed in order to identify network components of visual LTM retrieval and their relationship to components of the visual STM, attentional & default mode networks. Experiments employing functional connectivity fMRI methods will focus on network interactions that may play a role in the symptoms of Hemispatial Neglect and in the post-stroke mechanisms that accompany restoration of spatial processing. This knowledge can guide the development of assays that can refine diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illnesses and may help maintain cognitive function in persons who experience disease- related or age-related decline. As the specific contributions of different brain regions are characterized, research can focus on identifying particular network subcomponents that may be differentially impaired in different clinical populations.

项目总结/摘要 这项研究的总体目标是揭示视觉注意、视觉短- 术语记忆（STM）和视觉长期记忆（LTM）提取整合了它们的功能，以支持 认知和知觉。健康人在视觉任务中的表现超过了 超级计算机，但人类视觉系统的能力是非常有限的;人们只能注意或 在视觉短时记忆中同时保持四个物体。从长时记忆到视觉加工的提取 记忆（VWM）在熟悉的环境中对视觉表现有很大的贡献。疾病，包括 老年痴呆症和精神分裂症、创伤性脑损伤、中风和正常衰老都可能导致 视觉注意能力和短时记忆能力的下降，导致视觉相关记忆能力的严重损害。 认知和知觉任务。为了帮助指导治疗干预， 理解视觉注意的神经基质和机制，STM和LTM检索。一系列 人类功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和行为研究提出了确定共享的 从视觉长时记忆中分离出视觉注意、视觉短时记忆和提取的神经基质。研究 显示额叶和顶叶的部分作为一个网络一起工作，以支持这些任务中的每一个， 但目前这些脑区在不同任务中的确切身份和功能作用还不清楚， 明白将进行功能定位器fMRI方法和受试者内分析，以获得 这些大脑区域的精确定位STM负荷和几个注意力因素将被操纵， 为了确定不同大脑区域对不同形式的能力限制的功能贡献， 任务要求。将进行事件相关分析，以识别视觉LTM的网络组件 提取及其与视觉短时记忆、注意和缺省模式网络的关系。 采用功能连接fMRI方法的实验将集中在可能发挥作用的网络相互作用上。 在半空间神经麻痹的症状和伴随恢复的中风后机制中的作用 空间处理这种知识可以指导可以改进诊断和诊断的测定的开发。 治疗精神疾病，并可能有助于维持经历疾病的人的认知功能- 与年龄相关的衰退。随着不同大脑区域的具体贡献被表征， 研究可以集中于识别特定的网络子组件，这些子组件可能在 不同的临床人群。