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Now versus Later decision Making: Effects of frontal development and alcohol use

现在与以后的决策：额叶发育和饮酒的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8315953
负责人：
Christopher Thomas Smith
金额：
$ 3.14万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2011-08-01 至 2014-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8315953
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Age Alcohol consumption Area Behavior Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Brain Childhood Corpus striatum structure Cues Data Decision Making Development Developmental Process Dorsal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Goals Heavy Drinking Human Hyperactive behavior Impulsivity Individual Informal Social Control Intervention Knowledge Maintenance Measures Nature Neurobiology Nucleus Accumbens Outcome Population Prefrontal Cortex Prevention Process Prospective Studies Relative (related person)Reporting Research Research Project Grants Rewards Risk Signal Transduction Structure Testing Ursidae Family Ventral Striatum Wit Work age group age related alcohol use disorder base cognitive control discounting drinking drinking behavior emerging adult frontal lobe improved insight interest neural circuit neuroimaging normal aging preference relating to nervous system young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Individuals are at greatest risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) during late adolescence (Kandel and Logan, 1984; Brown et al., 2008), possibly due to the relative impulsiveness of late adolescents/young adults. Kandel and Logan (1984) have suggested that the decline in heavy alcohol use that typically occurs in the mid-twenties may reflect a maturational or developmental process, as the development of frontal structures implicated in self-regulation and impulse control is complete in humans around the early- to-mid twenties (Giedd, 2004; Hooper et al., 2004; Rubia et al., 2006; Eshel et al., 2007). Although there is general acceptance of the idea that frontal circuits are still maturing in late adolescents no work to date has specifically investigated changes in the function of frontal circuits engaged during Now versus Later decision making, a quantifiable measure of impulsiveness. The proposed studies will compare late adolescents (ages 18-23) and adults (ages 25-40) using functional MRI approaches to identify differences in the brain areas engaged during Now versus Later decision-making. In addition, we will determine whether heavy alcohol use is associated with abnormalities in normally observed age-related differences in these neural circuits. Our central hypothesis is that immaturity in frontal circuits and relatively increased signaling in striato-limbic structures promote impulsive decision making in late adolescents. We will test our central hypothesis via the following Specific Aims: 1) Indentify functional differences in frontostriatal circuits associated with Now/Later decision making in late adolescents versus adults. 2) Determine whether the impulsive decision-making observed in heavy drinking adults is associated with signs of functional immaturity in frontal circuits. To achieve the goals of this research plan, a previously validated delay-discounting task (Mitchell et al., 2005; Boettiger et al., 2007) will be used to measure Now/Later decision making behavior in late adolescents and adults in the context of functional MRI. We will seek to determine whether age-dependent differences in the function of brain structures of interest correlate with age-dependent differences in decision-making. These studies will be conducted in both moderate and heavy drinking populations to determine how alcohol use impacts age- related changes in brain structures engaged in Now/Later decision making. This research stands to significantly improve our understanding of the neural underpinnings of changes in decision-making from late adolescence to adulthood, which may bear on why late adolescents are at an increased risk for developing alcohol use disorders. Greater knowledge of the mechanisms underlying risk for developing alcohol use disorders may allow for the development of better treatments or interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：个体在青春期后期患酒精使用障碍（AUD）的风险最大（Kandel 和 Logan，1984；Brown 等人，2008），可能是由于青少年后期/年轻人相对冲动。 Kandel 和 Logan (1984) 认为，通常发生在二十多岁的重度饮酒下降可能反映了成熟或发育过程，因为人类在二十出头到二十出头左右，与自我调节和冲动控制有关的额叶结构的发育已经完成（Giedd, 2004; Hooper et al., 2004; Rubia et al., 2006; Eshel et al., 2007）。尽管人们普遍认为额叶回路在青少年晚期仍处于成熟阶段，但迄今为止还没有任何研究专门研究了“现在”与“以后”决策过程中额叶回路功能的变化，这是一种可量化的冲动衡量标准。拟议的研究将使用功能性 MRI 方法来比较晚期青少年（18-23 岁）和成年人（25-40 岁），以确定“现在”与“以后”决策过程中大脑区域的差异。此外，我们将确定大量饮酒是否与这些神经回路中正常观察到的与年龄相关的差异异常有关。我们的中心假设是，额叶回路的不成熟和纹状体边缘结构中相对增加的信号传导促进了青少年晚期的冲动决策。我们将通过以下具体目标来检验我们的中心假设：1）确定青少年晚期与成人中与“现在/以后”决策相关的额纹状体回路的功能差异。 2）确定在酗酒的成年人中观察到的冲动决策是否与额叶回路功能不成熟的迹象有关。为了实现本研究计划的目标，先前验证的延迟贴现任务（Mitchell 等人，2005 年；Boettiger 等人，2007 年）将用于在功能 MRI 背景下测量青少年晚期和成人的“现在/以后”决策行为。我们将试图确定感兴趣的大脑结构功能的年龄依赖性差异是否与决策的年龄依赖性差异相关。这些研究将在中度和重度饮酒人群中进行，以确定饮酒如何影响参与“现在/以后”决策的大脑结构的年龄相关变化。这项研究将显着提高我们对从青春期晚期到成年期决策变化的神经基础的理解，这可能有助于解释为什么青少年晚期患酒精使用障碍的风险增加。更多地了解酒精使用障碍的潜在风险机制可能有助于开发更好的治疗或干预措施。